MOVEMENT & LOCOMOTION Flashcards
example pf ciliary/ flagellar movement
trachea, bronchi, fallopian tube
cilia and flagella are microtubular stucture
example of amoeboidal/pseudopodal movement
human WBC, Macrophages
muscle is made of which germ layer
Mesodermal
exception of mesodermal origin of muscle
Iris, ciliary muscle of eye, Mammary gland and erector pili muscle of skin
what %age of weight muscle constitutes in
normal human body weight
40-50%
Total no of muscle in human body is ?
639
Types of muscle
skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscle
connective tissue that connects bone to muscle?
Tendon
TRICK - BTM
Study of muscle is called
Myology or Sarcology
Muscle is covered with what connective tissue
Epimysium
Bundle of muscle fibre is called?
Fasciculus
Connective tissue that covers fasciculus
Perimysium
Connective tissue that covers muscle fibre
Endomysium
what is sarcolemma?
plasma membrane of muscle fibre
what is sarcoplasm?
cytoplasm of muscle fibre
what is syncytium? does muscle is syncytial
organ
Multinucleated condition
yes
what is sarcoplasmic reticulum?
Endoplasmic reticulum of muscle
what is Ttubules?
infoldings of sarcolemma around myofibrils
what is myofibrils?
they are proteinaceous rod like structure in sarcoplasm
myofibrils is made up of?
two Myofilaments
thick and long- Myosin filaments
(around 1500)
thin and short- Actin filaments
(around 3000)
what is myoglobin?
haemoglobin of muscle
Oxygen storing red pigment
1 myoglobin carry 1 O2 molecule
length of Myosin?
1.5 micrometer
length of Actin?
1 micrometer
each Myosin is surrounded by how many Actin?
6actin fiber
each Actin is surrounded by how many Myosin?
3 Myosin fiber
what type of myofilament lies in A band?
Myosin and some part of Actin
what type of myofilament lies in I band
Actin filament
what is H zone?
lighter central part of A band where only Myosin is present/Actin absent
What is M line?
Made up of Myomesin
bisects the Myosin/A band.
connects myosin filament.
What is Z line?
Bisects Actin filaments/ I band.
connects Actin filaments.
what is sarcomere?
structural and functional unit of Muscle
Boundary between two adjacent Z line
length-2.5 micrometer in relaxed state
Monomer of Myosin?
Meromyosin
Meromyosin is made up of?
2 polypeptides chains, helically bounded
name active sites on head of meromyosin/ myosin?
a) ATP binding sites
b) Actin binding sites
head of myosin act as which enzyme?
Atpase
how many types of protein polymer is present in Actin filaments?
3 polymers of proteins
a) F actin (filamentous)
b) Tropomyosin
c) Troponin
F-actin is monomer of?
G - Actin helically coiled
G - Actin is globular protein
2 chains of G- Actin is present in F-Actin filament
name active sites present in G actin?
Myosin binding site
what is tropomyosin?
tropomyosin is fibrous protein that is present in actin filaments.
tropomyosin runs along entire length of F-actin.
what is Troponin?
protein that is present on tropomyosin in regular intervals.
How many subunits is present in Troponin?
3 subunits
T subunits, C subunits, and Inhibitory site subunits
binding site for tropomyosin in troponin?
Tsubunit
C subunits in troponin binding site for?
Calcium ion binding site
during relaxation active site of G actin is covered by?
Troponin and Tropomyosin
During contraction active site of G actin is unmasked. how?
as calcium ion bind to C subunit of troponin, it changes the conformation of troponin.
who propose sliding theory of muscle contraction?
AF Huxley and HE Huxley
in 1954
what is sliding theory of muscle?
during muscle contraction, Actin filament slides over myosin filament toward centre, resulting in shortening of sarcomere
describe the changes in muscle during contraction?
H Zone and I band gets shorten
Length of A band remain constant.
