Movement disorders Flashcards
Motor neurone disease is a neurodegenerative condition affecting the brain and spinal cord. What are the symptoms of this disease?
1) Muscle cramps
2) Wasting and stiffness
3) loss of dexterity
4) reduced respiratory function
5) cognitive dysfunction
outline the non-drug treatment for the management of motor neurone disease
1) Nutrition
2) Psychosocial support
3) Physiotherapy
4) Exercise programmes
5) Special equipment or mobility aids
What drugs are used to manage muscle cramps associated with motor neurone disease?
1) Quinine first line treatment for muscle cramps.
2) Baclofen considered as second line treatment.
Symptoms of muscle stiffness, spasticity or increased tone can be managed using what drugs in motor neurone disease?
1) Baclofen or gabapentin
2) Treatment of severe spasticity may require specialist referral
what drugs are used to manage excessive drooling of saliva in motor neurone disease?
1) Antimuscarinic drug : Glycopyrronium bromide is recommended due to fewer CNS side effects.
2) if above CI, specialist : botulinum toxin type A may be prescribed
3) Humidification, nebulisers and carbocisteine can be used to treat patients with thick, tenacious saliva
how can respiratory symptoms such as breathlessness be managed in those with motor neurone disease?
1) Opioids
2) Benzodiazepines- if the exacerbated by anxiety
In patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) which drug is prescribed to extend life or to extend the time to mechanical ventilation?
Riluzole
what is Tetrabenazine used in the management of?
1) Movement disorders in Huntington’s chorea
2) Tardive dyskinesia
which drugs can be used to improve motor tics and symptoms of Tourette syndrome and related choreas?
1) Haloperidol
2) Pimozide (ECG monitoring)
3) Clonidine
which drug is useful in treating essential tremor or tremors associated with anxiety or thyrotoxicosis?
Propranolol hydrochloride
