movement disorders Flashcards
tremor
an oscillatory, typically rhythmic and regular movement that affects one or more body parts
dyskinesia
a movement disorder that consists of decreased voluntary movements and increased involuntary movements
asynergia/ataxia
decomposition of movement due to breakdown of normal coordinated execution of a voluntary movement; one of the cardinal features of cerebellar disease
athetosis
a class of slow, writhing, continuous and involuntary movements; usually in the distal limbs
chorea
a class of involuntary, irregular, purposeless, nonrhythmic, abrupt, rapid, unsustained movements that seem to flow from one body part to another
dystonia
twisting movements that tend to be sustained at the peak of movement, are frequently repetitive and often progress to prolonged abnormal static postures
myoclonus
sudden, shock-like involuntary movements caused by muscular contractions or inhibitions; can by arrhythmic or rhythmic
akathitic movements
unable to sit still; feeling of inner, general restlessness that is reduced or relieved by moving about; complex and usually stereotyped movements; can be both generalized and focal
ballism
large amplitude choreic movements of the proximal parts of the limbs; flailing or flinging movements; most common cause is stroke, second most is OD of levodopa
lower motor neuron damage
paralysis; muscle atrophy; areflexa & atonia; ipsi deficit in spinal cord
upper motor neuron damage
paresis; no atrophy; hyperreflexia, hypertonia, spasticity; contra deficit above decussation, ipsi deficit below decussation
basal ganglia damage
no paralysis; no atrophy; Parkinson’s: rigidity, resting tremor, bradykinesia, Huntingon’s: chorea, hyperkinesia; contra
tardive dyskinesia
involuntary movements of the tongue, lips, face, trunk, and extremities that occur in patients treated with long-term dopaminergic antagonist medications
