Movement Analysis Flashcards
What are the 3 joint categories?
- Fixed/Fibrous
- Semi-moveable/cartilaginous (spine)
- Freely moveable
Describe a fixed joint and give examples
- limited ROM
- usually places of protection
- eg. Ribs, cranium
Describe a semi-moveable joint and give examples
- joints where bones are joined together with joints
- permit a small amount of movement
- ribs when breathing (where they meet the sternum)
Describe a freely moveable joint and give examples
- large ROM
- purpose is movement
- eg.ankle
Name the 5 common features of synovial joints.
- Ligament
- Synovial Fluid
- Articular Cartilage
- Joint Capsule
- Bursa
Describe the structure and function of Ligaments.
Structure: Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue
Function: connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement
Describe the structure and function of Synovial Fluid
Structure: lubricated liquid within the joint cavity
Function: reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage
Describe the structure and function of Articular Cartilage
Structure: Smooth tissue covering surface of articulating bones
Function: Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement. Endless and strengthens the joint
Describe the structure and function of a Joint Capsule
Structure: Fibrous sac within synovial membrane
Function: secreting synovial fluid
Describe the structure and function of a bursa
Structure: closed, fluid-filled sac, found where tendons rub over bones
Function: reduces friction between tendons and bones
Name the 5 types of joints and give examples
- Ball and Socket (shoulder and hip)
- Pivot (radio-ulna joint, neck)
- Condyloid (wrist and knuckles)
- Gliding (spine, tarsals, carpals)
- Hinge (elbow, knee)
What movements are possible with a ball and socket joint. Give a sporting example.
- Flexion
- Extension
- Abduction
- Adduction
- Rotation
- Circumdunction
Eg. Rotation at the shoulder - front crawl in swimming
What movements are possible with a pivot joint. Give a sporting example.
-rotation
Eg. Turning head
What movements are possible with a condyloid joint. Give a sporting example.
- circumdunction
- pronation
- supination
Eg. Shooting in basketball (release)
What movements are possible with a gliding joint. Give a sporting example.
- rotation
Eg. Going onto tiptoes
What movements are possible at a hinge joint. Give a sporting example.
- flexion
- extension
Eg. Flexion at the knee when preparing for a kick in football
Eg. Extension at the elbow in the downwards phase of a bicep curl
Define Flexion + sporting example
Decrease in joint angle, usually in the front of the body
SE: upwards phase of a bicep curl
Define extension + sporting example
Moment that brings members of a limb into a straight relation
SE: downwards phase of a bicep curl
Define Horizontal Flexion + sporting example
Decrease in angle between 2 bones
SE: sideways twist
Define Horizontal extension + sporting example
Decrease in angle between 2 bones on the horizontal plane
SE: lifting arms up from your sides
Define Lateral Flexion + sporting example
Sideways movement of the spine
SE: side bend/oblique crunch
Define wrist Flexion + sporting example
Bending the hand DOWN at the wrist
SE: shot in basketball (release)
Define wrist extension + sporting example
Straightening of the wrist
SE: karate chop
Define Abduction + sporting example
Movement of limb away from the midline of the body
SE: lifting dumbbells by the side of the body
Define Adduction + sporting example
Movement of the limb towards the midline of the body
SE: pass in football
Define Rotation + sporting example
Movement where something pivots or revolves around a single long axis.
SE: hula hooping
Define circumdunction + sporting example
Movement of a limb remains fixed so that distal end moves in a circle while position is fixed.
SE: butterfly in swimming
Define dorsiflexion + sporting example
Foot moves towards the shin
SE: flex foot
Define plantarflexion + sporting example
Movement where top of the foot points away from the leg
SE: Tendu
Define medial rotation + sporting example
Rotational movement towards the midline
SE: turning foot in
Define lateral rotation + sporting example
Rotating movement towards the midline
SE: turning foot out
Bicep curl (elbow)
A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) hinge joint
B) ulna, radius, humerus
C) Flexion/extension
D) Agonist: biceps beachii Antagonist: triceps brachial
Discus Throw (shoulder)
A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket
B) scapula, humerus
C) Flexion, extension, abduction
D) ag. Deltoid and biceps brachii. Ant. Triceps brachii
Hip dips (hip)
A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket
B) femur, pelvis
C) extension
D) ag. Quads and glutes. Ant. Hip flexors
Front crawl (shoulder)
A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket
B) humerus, scapula
C) circumdunction
D) ag. Trapezius Ant. Anterior deltoid
What are the 3 planes of movements?
- Saggital
- Frontal
- Transverse
Describe the saggital plane of movement
- lies vertically
- divides L&R parts of midline to outside
- Flexion and extension
- eg. Bigger curl
Describe the frontal plane of movement
- lies vertically
- divides anterior (front) and posterior (back)
- Adduction and Abduction
- hip/shoulder wrist
- eg. Lateral raise/ star jump
Describe the transverse plane of movement
- lies horizontally
- divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
- horizontal extension and Flexion
- limbs move parallel with the floor
- eg. Discus, tennis (forehand)
What is an Agonist?
The prime mover. Muscle that creates movement at the joint. Usually contracts and shortens.
What is an antagonist?
Relaxes. Muscle that opposes the agonist, providing a resistance for coordinated movements. Usually relaxes and lengthens OR lengthens under pressure.
What is a fixator and give an example?
A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another causes movement
Eg. Rectus spinae, transverse abdominis
Name 3 muscles in the rotator cuff group.
- infraspinatus
- supraspinatus
- teres minor
NOTE: teres Major NOT part of rotator cuff group
Name 3 parts of the abdomen
3 out of:
- transverse abdominis
- serratus anterior
- internal oblique
- external oblique
- pectoralis major
- Linea Alba
- tendinous intersection
- rectus abdominis
- inguinal ligament
Name 4 muscles in the quadricep group
- rectus femoris
- vastus intermedius
- vastus lateralis
- vastus medialis
Name 3 muscles in the hamstring group
- bicep femoris
- semimembranosus
- semitendinosus
What is the correct term for the hip flexors
Illiospoas
Name 5 parts of the iliapsoas
- psoas Major
- iliacus
- adductor brevis
- adductor Magnus
- adductor longus
Name the 4 types of contractions
- concentric
- eccentric
- isotonic
- isometric
What is a concentric contraction
Muscle shortens under tension
What is an eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens whilst contracting
What is an isotonic contraction
Contraction where the movement changes the length of the muscle
What is an isometric contraction
Contraction where the muscle length stays the same
Eg. Plank, wall sit
What is a motor unit
Motor unit consists of a motor neurone and a number of muscle fibres. It’s a motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
What is a motor neurone
Specialised cells which transmit nerve impulses to a group of muscle fibres
