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OCR PE AS Level > Movement Analysis > Flashcards

Movement Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 joint categories?

A
  1. Fixed/Fibrous
  2. Semi-moveable/cartilaginous (spine)
  3. Freely moveable
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2
Q

Describe a fixed joint and give examples

A
  • limited ROM
  • usually places of protection
  • eg. Ribs, cranium
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3
Q

Describe a semi-moveable joint and give examples

A
  • joints where bones are joined together with joints
  • permit a small amount of movement
  • ribs when breathing (where they meet the sternum)
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4
Q

Describe a freely moveable joint and give examples

A
  • large ROM
  • purpose is movement
  • eg.ankle
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5
Q

Name the 5 common features of synovial joints.

A
  1. Ligament
  2. Synovial Fluid
  3. Articular Cartilage
  4. Joint Capsule
  5. Bursa
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6
Q

Describe the structure and function of Ligaments.

A

Structure: Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Function: connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

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7
Q

Describe the structure and function of Synovial Fluid

A

Structure: lubricated liquid within the joint cavity

Function: reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage

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8
Q

Describe the structure and function of Articular Cartilage

A

Structure: Smooth tissue covering surface of articulating bones

Function: Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement. Endless and strengthens the joint

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9
Q

Describe the structure and function of a Joint Capsule

A

Structure: Fibrous sac within synovial membrane

Function: secreting synovial fluid

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10
Q

Describe the structure and function of a bursa

A

Structure: closed, fluid-filled sac, found where tendons rub over bones

Function: reduces friction between tendons and bones

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11
Q

Name the 5 types of joints and give examples

A
  • Ball and Socket (shoulder and hip)
  • Pivot (radio-ulna joint, neck)
  • Condyloid (wrist and knuckles)
  • Gliding (spine, tarsals, carpals)
  • Hinge (elbow, knee)
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12
Q

What movements are possible with a ball and socket joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Circumdunction

Eg. Rotation at the shoulder - front crawl in swimming

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13
Q

What movements are possible with a pivot joint. Give a sporting example.

A

-rotation

Eg. Turning head

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14
Q

What movements are possible with a condyloid joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • circumdunction
  • pronation
  • supination

Eg. Shooting in basketball (release)

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15
Q

What movements are possible with a gliding joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • rotation

Eg. Going onto tiptoes

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16
Q

What movements are possible at a hinge joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • flexion
  • extension

Eg. Flexion at the knee when preparing for a kick in football
Eg. Extension at the elbow in the downwards phase of a bicep curl

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17
Q

Define Flexion + sporting example

A

Decrease in joint angle, usually in the front of the body

SE: upwards phase of a bicep curl

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18
Q

Define extension + sporting example

A

Moment that brings members of a limb into a straight relation

SE: downwards phase of a bicep curl

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19
Q

Define Horizontal Flexion + sporting example

A

Decrease in angle between 2 bones

SE: sideways twist

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20
Q

Define Horizontal extension + sporting example

A

Decrease in angle between 2 bones on the horizontal plane

SE: lifting arms up from your sides

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21
Q

Define Lateral Flexion + sporting example

A

Sideways movement of the spine

SE: side bend/oblique crunch

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22
Q

Define wrist Flexion + sporting example

A

Bending the hand DOWN at the wrist

SE: shot in basketball (release)

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23
Q

Define wrist extension + sporting example

A

Straightening of the wrist

SE: karate chop

24
Q

Define Abduction + sporting example

A

Movement of limb away from the midline of the body

SE: lifting dumbbells by the side of the body

25
Define Adduction + sporting example
Movement of the limb towards the midline of the body SE: pass in football
26
Define Rotation + sporting example
Movement where something pivots or revolves around a single long axis. SE: hula hooping
27
Define circumdunction + sporting example
Movement of a limb remains fixed so that distal end moves in a circle while position is fixed. SE: butterfly in swimming
28
Define dorsiflexion + sporting example
Foot moves towards the shin SE: flex foot
29
Define plantarflexion + sporting example
Movement where top of the foot points away from the leg SE: Tendu
30
Define medial rotation + sporting example
Rotational movement towards the midline SE: turning foot in
31
Define lateral rotation + sporting example
Rotating movement towards the midline SE: turning foot out
32
Bicep curl (elbow) A) joint B) bones involved C) movement/s D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) hinge joint B) ulna, radius, humerus C) Flexion/extension D) Agonist: biceps beachii Antagonist: triceps brachial
33
Discus Throw (shoulder) A) joint B) bones involved C) movement/s D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket B) scapula, humerus C) Flexion, extension, abduction D) ag. Deltoid and biceps brachii. Ant. Triceps brachii
34
Hip dips (hip) A) joint B) bones involved C) movement/s D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket B) femur, pelvis C) extension D) ag. Quads and glutes. Ant. Hip flexors
35
Front crawl (shoulder) A) joint B) bones involved C) movement/s D) agonist and antagonist muscles
A) ball and socket B) humerus, scapula C) circumdunction D) ag. Trapezius Ant. Anterior deltoid
36
What are the 3 planes of movements?
- Saggital - Frontal - Transverse
37
Describe the saggital plane of movement
- lies vertically - divides L&R parts of midline to outside - Flexion and extension - eg. Bigger curl
38
Describe the frontal plane of movement
- lies vertically - divides anterior (front) and posterior (back) - Adduction and Abduction - hip/shoulder wrist - eg. Lateral raise/ star jump
39
Describe the transverse plane of movement
- lies horizontally - divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts - horizontal extension and Flexion - limbs move parallel with the floor - eg. Discus, tennis (forehand)
40
What is an Agonist?
The prime mover. Muscle that creates movement at the joint. Usually contracts and shortens.
41
What is an antagonist?
Relaxes. Muscle that opposes the agonist, providing a resistance for coordinated movements. Usually relaxes and lengthens OR lengthens under pressure.
42
What is a fixator and give an example?
A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another causes movement Eg. Rectus spinae, transverse abdominis
43
Name 3 muscles in the rotator cuff group.
- infraspinatus - supraspinatus - teres minor NOTE: teres Major NOT part of rotator cuff group
44
Name 3 parts of the abdomen
3 out of: - transverse abdominis - serratus anterior - internal oblique - external oblique - pectoralis major - Linea Alba - tendinous intersection - rectus abdominis - inguinal ligament
45
Name 4 muscles in the quadricep group
- rectus femoris - vastus intermedius - vastus lateralis - vastus medialis
46
Name 3 muscles in the hamstring group
- bicep femoris - semimembranosus - semitendinosus
47
What is the correct term for the hip flexors
Illiospoas
48
Name 5 parts of the iliapsoas
- psoas Major - iliacus - adductor brevis - adductor Magnus - adductor longus
49
Name the 4 types of contractions
- concentric - eccentric - isotonic - isometric
50
What is a concentric contraction
Muscle shortens under tension
51
What is an eccentric contraction
Muscle lengthens whilst contracting
52
What is an isotonic contraction
Contraction where the movement changes the length of the muscle
53
What is an isometric contraction
Contraction where the muscle length stays the same Eg. Plank, wall sit
54
What is a motor unit
Motor unit consists of a motor neurone and a number of muscle fibres. It’s a motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon
55
What is a motor neurone
Specialised cells which transmit nerve impulses to a group of muscle fibres

OCR PE AS Level (2 decks)

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