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OCR PE AS Level > Movement Analysis > Flashcards

Movement Analysis Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 joint categories?

A
  1. Fixed/Fibrous
  2. Semi-moveable/cartilaginous (spine)
  3. Freely moveable
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2
Q

Describe a fixed joint and give examples

A
  • limited ROM
  • usually places of protection
  • eg. Ribs, cranium
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3
Q

Describe a semi-moveable joint and give examples

A
  • joints where bones are joined together with joints
  • permit a small amount of movement
  • ribs when breathing (where they meet the sternum)
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4
Q

Describe a freely moveable joint and give examples

A
  • large ROM
  • purpose is movement
  • eg.ankle
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5
Q

Name the 5 common features of synovial joints.

A
  1. Ligament
  2. Synovial Fluid
  3. Articular Cartilage
  4. Joint Capsule
  5. Bursa
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6
Q

Describe the structure and function of Ligaments.

A

Structure: Tough band of slightly elastic connective tissue

Function: connects bone to bone and stabilises joints during movement

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7
Q

Describe the structure and function of Synovial Fluid

A

Structure: lubricated liquid within the joint cavity

Function: reduces friction and nourishes the articular cartilage

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8
Q

Describe the structure and function of Articular Cartilage

A

Structure: Smooth tissue covering surface of articulating bones

Function: Absorbs shock and allows friction-free movement. Endless and strengthens the joint

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9
Q

Describe the structure and function of a Joint Capsule

A

Structure: Fibrous sac within synovial membrane

Function: secreting synovial fluid

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10
Q

Describe the structure and function of a bursa

A

Structure: closed, fluid-filled sac, found where tendons rub over bones

Function: reduces friction between tendons and bones

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11
Q

Name the 5 types of joints and give examples

A
  • Ball and Socket (shoulder and hip)
  • Pivot (radio-ulna joint, neck)
  • Condyloid (wrist and knuckles)
  • Gliding (spine, tarsals, carpals)
  • Hinge (elbow, knee)
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12
Q

What movements are possible with a ball and socket joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • Flexion
  • Extension
  • Abduction
  • Adduction
  • Rotation
  • Circumdunction

Eg. Rotation at the shoulder - front crawl in swimming

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13
Q

What movements are possible with a pivot joint. Give a sporting example.

A

-rotation

Eg. Turning head

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14
Q

What movements are possible with a condyloid joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • circumdunction
  • pronation
  • supination

Eg. Shooting in basketball (release)

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15
Q

What movements are possible with a gliding joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • rotation

Eg. Going onto tiptoes

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16
Q

What movements are possible at a hinge joint. Give a sporting example.

A
  • flexion
  • extension

Eg. Flexion at the knee when preparing for a kick in football
Eg. Extension at the elbow in the downwards phase of a bicep curl

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17
Q

Define Flexion + sporting example

A

Decrease in joint angle, usually in the front of the body

SE: upwards phase of a bicep curl

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18
Q

Define extension + sporting example

A

Moment that brings members of a limb into a straight relation

SE: downwards phase of a bicep curl

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19
Q

Define Horizontal Flexion + sporting example

A

Decrease in angle between 2 bones

SE: sideways twist

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20
Q

Define Horizontal extension + sporting example

A

Decrease in angle between 2 bones on the horizontal plane

SE: lifting arms up from your sides

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21
Q

Define Lateral Flexion + sporting example

A

Sideways movement of the spine

SE: side bend/oblique crunch

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22
Q

Define wrist Flexion + sporting example

A

Bending the hand DOWN at the wrist

SE: shot in basketball (release)

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23
Q

Define wrist extension + sporting example

A

Straightening of the wrist

SE: karate chop

24
Q

Define Abduction + sporting example

A

Movement of limb away from the midline of the body

SE: lifting dumbbells by the side of the body

25
Q

Define Adduction + sporting example

A

Movement of the limb towards the midline of the body

SE: pass in football

26
Q

Define Rotation + sporting example

A

Movement where something pivots or revolves around a single long axis.

SE: hula hooping

27
Q

Define circumdunction + sporting example

A

Movement of a limb remains fixed so that distal end moves in a circle while position is fixed.

SE: butterfly in swimming

28
Q

Define dorsiflexion + sporting example

A

Foot moves towards the shin

SE: flex foot

29
Q

Define plantarflexion + sporting example

A

Movement where top of the foot points away from the leg

SE: Tendu

30
Q

Define medial rotation + sporting example

A

Rotational movement towards the midline

SE: turning foot in

31
Q

Define lateral rotation + sporting example

A

Rotating movement towards the midline

SE: turning foot out

32
Q

Bicep curl (elbow)

A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles

A

A) hinge joint
B) ulna, radius, humerus
C) Flexion/extension
D) Agonist: biceps beachii Antagonist: triceps brachial

33
Q

Discus Throw (shoulder)

A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles

A

A) ball and socket
B) scapula, humerus
C) Flexion, extension, abduction
D) ag. Deltoid and biceps brachii. Ant. Triceps brachii

34
Q

Hip dips (hip)

A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles

A

A) ball and socket
B) femur, pelvis
C) extension
D) ag. Quads and glutes. Ant. Hip flexors

35
Q

Front crawl (shoulder)

A) joint
B) bones involved
C) movement/s
D) agonist and antagonist muscles

A

A) ball and socket
B) humerus, scapula
C) circumdunction
D) ag. Trapezius Ant. Anterior deltoid

36
Q

What are the 3 planes of movements?

A
  • Saggital
  • Frontal
  • Transverse
37
Q

Describe the saggital plane of movement

A
  • lies vertically
  • divides L&R parts of midline to outside
  • Flexion and extension
  • eg. Bigger curl
38
Q

Describe the frontal plane of movement

A
  • lies vertically
  • divides anterior (front) and posterior (back)
  • Adduction and Abduction
  • hip/shoulder wrist
  • eg. Lateral raise/ star jump
39
Q

Describe the transverse plane of movement

A
  • lies horizontally
  • divides body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts
  • horizontal extension and Flexion
  • limbs move parallel with the floor
  • eg. Discus, tennis (forehand)
40
Q

What is an Agonist?

A

The prime mover. Muscle that creates movement at the joint. Usually contracts and shortens.

41
Q

What is an antagonist?

A

Relaxes. Muscle that opposes the agonist, providing a resistance for coordinated movements. Usually relaxes and lengthens OR lengthens under pressure.

42
Q

What is a fixator and give an example?

A

A muscle that stabilises one part of the body while another causes movement

Eg. Rectus spinae, transverse abdominis

43
Q

Name 3 muscles in the rotator cuff group.

A
  • infraspinatus
  • supraspinatus
  • teres minor

NOTE: teres Major NOT part of rotator cuff group

44
Q

Name 3 parts of the abdomen

A

3 out of:

  • transverse abdominis
  • serratus anterior
  • internal oblique
  • external oblique
  • pectoralis major
  • Linea Alba
  • tendinous intersection
  • rectus abdominis
  • inguinal ligament
45
Q

Name 4 muscles in the quadricep group

A
  • rectus femoris
  • vastus intermedius
  • vastus lateralis
  • vastus medialis
46
Q

Name 3 muscles in the hamstring group

A
  • bicep femoris
  • semimembranosus
  • semitendinosus
47
Q

What is the correct term for the hip flexors

A

Illiospoas

48
Q

Name 5 parts of the iliapsoas

A
  • psoas Major
  • iliacus
  • adductor brevis
  • adductor Magnus
  • adductor longus
49
Q

Name the 4 types of contractions

A
  • concentric
  • eccentric
  • isotonic
  • isometric
50
Q

What is a concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens under tension

51
Q

What is an eccentric contraction

A

Muscle lengthens whilst contracting

52
Q

What is an isotonic contraction

A

Contraction where the movement changes the length of the muscle

53
Q

What is an isometric contraction

A

Contraction where the muscle length stays the same

Eg. Plank, wall sit

54
Q

What is a motor unit

A

Motor unit consists of a motor neurone and a number of muscle fibres. It’s a motor neurone and the muscle fibres stimulated by its axon

55
Q

What is a motor neurone

A

Specialised cells which transmit nerve impulses to a group of muscle fibres

OCR PE AS Level (2 decks)

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