Movement Analysis Flashcards
MANTEELS F
You will get a sit to stand
Lying to sitting
Movement and named spinal region
Axis and plane
Name muscles that produce movement
Type of movement- eccentric, concentric or isometric
Estimate muscle range- inner, mid or outer
Estimate joint range- visual estimation and some values
Limitations if you get to ROM
Synergists = muscles that aid prime movers
Fixators
Try to mention something about the lumbar spine, thoracic spine, cervical spine and pelvic tilt
CERVICAL PROTRACTION
Cervical protraction
No axis and plane
Protraction is upper cervical extension and lower cervical flexion
Upper cervical extensors are : 4 sub occipital group, semi spinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis
Lower cervical flexors are: sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalenes and synergist is longus colli
Type of movement: concentric contraction from lying to sitting.
Eccentric work in a sit to stand
Estimate joint range: NA but C0-C1 movement
Estimate muscle range: NA full protraction is inner range muscle work and retraction would be outer range
Limitations: For upper cervical extension = Anterior atlantoaxial ligament and tension in antagonists (upper cervical flexors like rec CAPITIS anterior and lateralis and longus CAPITIS)
For lower cervical flexion= Ligamentum nuchae, interspinous ligament, and posterior longitudinal ligament and ligamentum flavum and tension in the antagonists like SPLENIUS cervicis, semispinalis cervicis and longissimus cervicis
Fixators: Interspinales, intertransversarii, rotatores and multifidus
CERVICAL RETRACTION
Cervical retraction
No axis and plane
Retraction is upper cervical flexion and lower cervical extension
Upper cervical flexion= longus CAPITIS and rectus CAPITIS anterior and lateralis
Lower cervical extension= SPLENIUS cervicis, semi spinalis cervicis and longissimus cervicis.
Type of muscle work: concentric in lying to sit and eccentric in sitting to stand
Estimate joint range: NA but at C0-C1
Estimate muscle range: inner range is full retraction and outer range is full protraction.
Limitations: Limitations to upper cervical flexion are posterior atlantoaxial membrane and ligamentum nuchae and tension in antagonists which are 4 sub occipital group, semi spinalis capitis, longissimus capitis and splenius capitis.
Limitations to lower cervical extension are anterior longitudinal ligament and tension in the antagonists which are sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalenes and synergist is longus colli.
Synergists: NA
Fixators: Interspinales, intertransversarii, rotatores and multifidus
CERVICAL FLEXION
Cervical flexion
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
HEAD ON NECK FLEXION: Longus CAPITIS and rectus CAPITIS anterior and rectus CAPITIS lateralis,
CERVICAL FLEXION: Sternocleidomastoid, anterior and middle scalene and synergist is longus colli (deep neck flexor)
Type of muscle work: Sit to stand is initial burst of concentric work then eccentric work of extensors and lying to sitting is concentric work of flexors
Estimate joint range: 20 degrees at CO-C1 then 80 degrees flexion, here they are at about … degrees of cervical flexion.
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full cervical flexion and outer range is full cervical extension and mid range is in neutral head position.
Limitations: Tension in the antagonists- Like levator scapulae, upper fibres of trapezius, splenius CAPITIS, SPLENIUS cervicis, semispinalis CAPITIS and semispinalis cervicis plus the sub occipitals.
Also limited by: Ligamentum nuchae, ligamentum flavum, PLL, interspinous ligament and tectorial membrane and posterior Atlanto axial membrane
Fixators: Multifidus, rotatores, interspinales and intertransversarii
CERVICAL EXTENSION
Cervical extension
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
HEAD ON NECK EXTENSION: SPLENIUS CAPITIS, semispinalis CAPITIS , longissimus CAPITIS and sub occipitals - rectus CAPITIS posterior major and minor and obliquus CAPITIS inferior and obliquus capitis superior.
NECK EXTENSORS- levator scapulae and upper trapezius, synergists are SPLENIUS cervicis and semi spinalis cervicis
Type of muscle work: sit to stand is eccentric work of flexors unless past midline and lying to sitting is concentric work of extensors
Estimate joint range: 20 degrees at C0-C1 then to 60 degrees of extension. Here, the extension is to about…
Estimate muscle range: outer range is full flexion, mid range is normal and inner range is full extension.
Limitations: tension in the antagonists - cervical flexors like scalenes and STERNOCLEIDOMASTOID and longus muscles
ALL and anterior atlanto axial ligament
Fixators: multifidus, rotatores, interspinales and intertransversarii
CERVICAL SIDE FLEXION
Cervical side flexion
Frontal plane and sagittal axis
Side flexion caused by sternocleidomastoid, levator scapulae, upper fibres of trapezius, scalenes and synergists are longus colli, longus CAPITIS, SPLENIUS cervicis, SPLENIUS CAPITIS, semispinalis cervicis, intertransversarii, sub occipitals and rectus CAPITIS anterior and lateralis
Type of muscle work: eccentric work of opposite side flexors and then back up is concentric work of side flexors.
Estimate joints range: 8 degrees at C0-C1 and then 20-45 degrees each side, this person is in about… degrees of lateral flexion.
Estimate muscle range: Middle is outer range, partial side flexion is mid range and full side flexion is inner range
Limitations: inter transverse ligament, alar ligament (opposite side) and joints of Hubert von Luschka and tension in the opposite side flexors on the other side
Fixators: multifidus, rotatores and interspinales and semispinalis
CERVICAL ROTATION
Cervical rotation
Transverse plane and vertical axis
Contralateral= sternocleidomastoid
Ipsilateral= SPLENIUS cervicis
Type of muscle work: Concentric work
Estimate joint range: 15 degrees at C1-C2 and then 70-90 degrees at each side
Estimate muscle range: Full rotation is inner range and middle position is outer range so slight rotation is mid range (about 40)
Limitations: Ligamentum flavum and the same side alar ligament
Synergists: Rotatores
Fixators: Multifidus, interspinales and intertransversarii
THORACIC FLEXION
Thoracic flexion
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
Flexion by external obliques, internal obliques and rectus abdominis
Type of muscle work: sit to stand is initial concentric flexion and then eccentric control by thoracic extensors and lying to sitting is concentric work of flexors.
Estimate joint range: NA
Estimate muscle range: Full extension is outer range and full flexion is inner range. Neutral position is mid range.
Limitations: tight thoracolumbar fascia and anterior ribs abutt and vertical facet joints, tension in the antagonists (extensors, like interspinales, QL and erector spinae) and these ligaments: PLL, supraspinous ligament, interspinous ligament and ligamentum flavum. also anterior parts of intervertebral discs.
Synergists: NA
Fixators: Transversus abdominis, diaphragm, multifidus, rotatores, interspinales, intertransversarii and semispinalis
THORACIC EXTENSION
Thoracic extension
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
Extension by erector spinae, quadratus lumborum and synergists are multifidus and interspinales
Type of muscle work: Eccentric work of extensors on the sit to stand and stand to sit is more eccentric of flexors.
Estimate joint range: NA
Estimate muscle range: Full extension is inner range and full flexion is outer range, so mid range is in the middle.
Limitations: ALL and tension in the antagonists (thoracic flexors). Posterior ribs that abutt together and Vertical facet joints. Posterior parts of intervertebral discs. The spinous processes.
Fixators: Transversus abdominis, rotatores, intertransversarii and semispinalis
THORACIC SIDE FLEXION
Thoracic side flexion
Frontal plane and sagittal axis
Produced by internal obliques, external obliques, rectus abdominis, QL, erector spinae and synergist is intertransversarii
Type of muscle work: Eccentric control of opposite side flexors? Then concentric work to pull you back up.
Estimate joint range: NA
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full side flexion, outer range is the neutral position and mid-range is in between normal and full side flexion.
Limitations: The ribs on the side that the lateral flexion is to. The intertransverse ligament.
Fixators: Transversus abdominis, rotatores, multifidus, semispinalis and interspinales
THORACIC ROTATION
Thoracic rotation
Transverse plane and vertical axis
Brought about by internal obliques (ipsilateral) and contralateral rotation is by external obliques, rectus abdominis and synergist is rotatores (minimal)
TLF assists in rotation.
Type of muscle work: concentric work when lying to sitting
Estimate joint range: NA
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full rotation and neutral is outer range so in between is mid range
Limitations: The ribs on the side you rotate to and ligamentum flavum
Fixators: Transversus abdominis, multifidus, interspinales, intertransversarii and semispinalis
LUMBAR FLEXION
Lumbar flexion
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
Brought about by iliopsoas, external obliques, internal obliques and rectus abdominis
Type of muscle work: Concentric from lying to sitting but in sit to stand, initial concentric work of flexors then eccentric control of lumbar extensors.
Sitting down= Eccentric work of flexors to neutral.
Estimate joint range: 50-60 degrees
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full lumbar flexion and outer range is full lumbar extension and mid range is neutral (between the two)
Limitations: tight thoracolumbar fascia, tension in hamstrings, tension in antagonists (extensors) and tension in the posterior longitudinal ligament, ligamentum flavum, supra spinous ligament and inter spinous ligament.
Synergists: NA
Fixators: Rotatores, multifidus, interspinales, intertransversarii and transversus abdominis and diaphragm gives core stability too
LUMBAR EXTENSION
Lumbar extension
Sagittal plane and frontal axis
Brought about by erector spinae, QL and synergists are multifidus and interspinales, plus gluteus maximus and hamstrings - BSS.
Type of muscle work: when you stand up, it is eccentric work of extensors. When sit down, eccentric work of flexors and only concentric extensors if beyond neutral.
Estimate joint range: About 30 degrees
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full extension and outer range is full flexion and so in between is mid range
Limitations: Tension in the antagonists (flexors) and anterior longitudinal ligament and the spinous processes.
Fixators: Rotatores, intertransversarii and transversus abdominis
LUMBAR ROTATION
Lumbar rotation
Transverse plane and vertical axis
Muscles of contralateral rotation: external obliques, rectus abdominis and synergists are rotatores
Muscles ipsilateral rotation: internal obliques
TLF assists in rotation.
Type of muscle work: Concentric work of rotators
Estimate joint range: About 1-2 degrees at each segment so average of 8-12 degrees of rotation.
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full rotation and outer range is normal and mid range is in between.
Limitations: wrapped facet joints so the facets would bump into each other
Fixators: Multifidus, transversus abdominis, interspinales and intertransversarii
LUMBAR SIDE FLEXION
Lumbar side flexion
Frontal plane and sagittal axis
Brought about by external obliques, internal obliques, rectus abdominis, QL, erector spinae at iliocostalis lumborum synergist is intertransversarii
Type of muscle work: eccentric control of opposite side flexors? Concentric contraction up to normal.
Estimate joint range: About 25 degrees with a small degree of rotation always
Estimate muscle range: Inner range is full side flexion and outer range is neutral and mid range is in between of them.
Limitations: Intertransverse ligament and anterior band of the Iliolumbar ligament.
Fixators: Rotatores, multifidus, interspinales and transversus abdominis
