Movement

Question 1

Flexion

Answer 1

Flexion is generally an anterior movement of a body part within the sagittal plane.

(Exceptions include the legs, feet, toes and thumbs)

Question 2

Extension

Answer 2

Is generally a posterior movement within the sagittal plane

Exceptions include the legs, feet, toes and thumbs

Question 3

Abduction

Answer 3

Is generally a lateral movement within the frontal plane that is away from the imaginary midline of the body;

Exceptions include: the toes, and fingers, including the thumbs

Question 4

Adduction:

The terms abduction and Adduction are used only for the appendicular body

Answer 4

Is generally a medial movement toward the midline

Exceptions include: the toes, and fingers, including the thumbs

Question 5

Right lateral Flexion

This term used only for the axial body

Answer 5

Is a side-bending movement of the head, neck, and or trunk toward the right within the frontal plane.

Question 6

Left lateral Flexion

This term used only for the axial body

Answer 6

Is a side-bending movement of the head, neck, and or trunk toward the left within the frontal plane.

Question 7

Lateral Rotation:

Also known as external rotation

Answer 7

Is a movement within the transverse plane in which the anterior surface of the body part moves to face more laterally (away from the midline)

These terms are used only for the appendicular body

Question 8

Medial Rotation:

Also known as internal rotation

Answer 8

Moves the anterior surface to face more medially (towards the midline)

These terms are used only for the appendicular body

Question 9

Right rotation

Note: they are also used to describe rotation motions of the pelvis

Answer 9

Is movement within the transverse plane in which the anterior surface of the body part moves to face more to the right

(These terms are used for the axial body only)
Ipsilateral rotation and contralateral rotation are often used to describe motions created by muscles that produce right or left rotation. Describe that a muscle on one side of the body either produces rotation to the same side or opposite side

Question 10

Left rotation:

Note: they are also used to describe rotation motions of the pelvis

Answer 10

Moves the anterior surface to face more to the left.

(These terms are used for the axial body only)

Ipsilateral rotation and contralateral rotation are often used to describe motions created by muscles that produce right or left rotation. Describe that a muscle on one side of the body either produces rotation to the same side or opposite side

Question 11

Elevation

Answer 11

Is a movement wherein the body part moves superiorly

Question 12

Depression

Answer 12

Occurs when the body part moves inferiorly

Question 13

Protraction:

Answer 13

Is a movement wherein the body part moves anteriorly

Question 14

Retraction

Answer 14

Is a movement wherein the body part moves posteriorly

Question 15

Right/Left lateral Deviation

Answer 15

Is a linear movement that occurs in the lateral direction

Question 16

Pronation:

Term can be applied to motion of the forearm and foot.

Answer 16

Pronation refers to the natural side-to-side movement of the foot as you walk or run. It is also known as eversion. The foot rolls a bit inward with each step. From the time your heel strikes the ground, your arch begins to flatten and cushion the shock

Question 17

Supination:

Answer 17

Supination (or under-pronation) is the opposite of pronation and refers to the outward roll of the foot during normal motion. A natural amount of supination occurs during the push-off phase of the running gait as the heel lifts off the ground and the forefoot and toes are used to propel the body forward

Question 18

Inversion:

Answer 18

Is the principal component of supination of the foot.

Inversion and eversion refer to movements that tilt the sole of the foot away from (eversion) or towards (inversion) the midline of the body.

Question 19

Eversion

Answer 19

Is the principal component of pronation of the foot

Eversion is the movement of the sole of the foot away from the median plane. Inversion is the movement of the sole towards the median plane.

Question 20

Dorsiflexion:

Answer 20

The foot moves superiorly (in the direction of it’s dorsal surface)

Technically is extension of the foot

Question 21

Plantar Flexion:

Answer 21

It moves inferiorly (in the direction of it’s plantar surface)

Technically Flexion of the foot

Question 22

Opposition

Answer 22

This movement is called opposition (i.e., of thumb to fingers). During opposition the thumb is rotated around its long axis; it has been said that human civilization depends upon the opposition of the thumb.

Question 23

Reposition:

Answer 23

Reposition is a movement that moves the thumb and the little finger away from each other, effectively reversing opposition.

Question 24

Upward rotation

Answer 24

The scapula upwardly rotates when its glenoid fossa is moved to face more superiorly

Question 25

Downward Rotation:

Answer 25

The scapula upwardly rotates when its glenoid fossa is moved to face more inferiorly

Question 26

Lateral Tilt:

Answer 26

The scapula laterally tilts when its medial border lifts away from the body wall

Question 27

Medial Tilt

Answer 27

The scapula laterally tilts when its medial border lifts away from the body wall (medial tilt Is the opposite motion)

Question 28

Upward Tilt

Answer 28

When it’s inferior angle lifts away from the body wall

Question 29

Downward Tilt

Answer 29

When it’s inferior angle lifts away from the body wall (downward is the opposite motion

Question 30

Horizontal Flexion

Answer 30

Is a movement of the arm or thigh in which it begins in a horizontal position 90 degrees and then moves anteriorly toward the midline of the body.

Question 31

Horizontal Extension

Answer 31

Is a movement of the arm or thigh in which it begins in a horizontal position 90 degrees and then moves anteriorly toward the midline of the body. (Is the movement in the opposite direction.)

Question 32

Hyperextension

Answer 32

Hyperextension is an excessive joint movement in which the angle formed by the bones of a particular joint is opened, or straightened, beyond its normal, healthy, range of motion

Question 33

Circumduction:

Is not a joint action

Answer 33

movement of a limb or extremity so that the distal end describes a circle while the proximal end remains fixed.