Mouth & Tongue*

Question 1

What can the healthy mouth be divided into?

Answer 1

• Vestibule = the sulci between the cheeks or lips and teeth.
• Oral cavity proper = the space inside and including teeth.

Question 2

what are the 3 types of papillae?

Answer 2

• Fungiform
• Filiform
• Circumvallate

Question 3

which 2 papillae are involved in special sensations of taste?

Answer 3

Circumvallate and Fungiform Papillae.

Question 4

What are the two sets of muscles of the tongue?

Answer 4

Extrinsic and Intrinsic.

Question 5

What do the extrinsic muscles attach to and their role?

Answer 5

Attach to the skull and tongue. (outside & inside tongue attachments)

Change the position of the tongue in the oral cavity.

Question 6

What do the intrinsic muscles attach to and their role?

Answer 6

Both attachments within the tongue. Do not attach to any other structures.

Change the shape of the tongue.

Question 7

What are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 7

Palatoglossus (CN X) = comes from the palate.

Genioglossus (CN XII) = ‘Genio’ tiny bone structures.

Styloglossus (CN XII) = thin projection of bone coming from inside skull.

Hyoglossus (CN XII) = attached to hyoid bone

*() - Which CN they are innervated by.

Question 8

What CN are the extrinsic muscles of the tongue innervated by?

Answer 8

All innervated by CN XII (12) other than palatoglossus which is innervated by CN X (10).

Question 9

What are the intrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 9

Superior longitudinal

Inferior longitudinal

Transverse muscle fibres

Vertical muscles fibres (going superiorly to inferiorly)

*All innervated by CN II (12)

Question 10

What do these intrinsic muscle fibres do to the tongue?

Answer 10

Superior longitudinal = shortens tongue and curls apex upwards.

Inferior longitudinal = shortens tongue and curls apex downwards.

Transverse = narrows and lengthens tongue.

Vertical = broadens and flattens.

Question 11

What CN supplies motor innervation of the tongue?

Answer 11

Hypoglossal (CN XII)

Question 12

Which CN’s supply sensory innervation of the tongue?

Answer 12

Glossopharyngeal (IX)

Chorda Tympani (VII)

Lingual (V3) - Mandibular branch of trigeminal.

Question 13

What is the chorda tympani?

Answer 13

It is a branch of the facial nerve supplying taste sensation to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue.

Question 14

Explain the structures in the hard palate.

Answer 14

Rugae - ridges at top of mouth.

Alveolar Ridge - behind teeth at top of mouth (t, d, s, z, l).

Question 15

List and explain the muscles of the soft palate*

*posterior view

Answer 15

Auditory tube =

Levator Veli Palitini =

Palatoglossus = palate to the tongue.

Palatopharyngeus = palate to the pharyngeal.

Uvula =

Pterygoid hamulus =

Tensor veli palitini = hook around pterygoid hamulus, fibres convert to a horizontal formation.

Question 16

Explain what a cleft palate causes.

Answer 16

A portion of the soft palate missing.

• Weak actions of TVP and LVP on the auditory tube because palatal attachment is insecure.
• Auditory tube doesn’t open efficiently.
• Middle ear does not drain = ear infections.
• Glue ear = Conductive hearing loss.