Mouth Care Flashcards
What is the cause of mucositis?
cancer therapy
What are 3 causes of stomatitis?
1) Infection
2) Medication
3) Trauma
In order to dx mucositis, does ulceration need to be present?
No
How does mucositis manifest?
erythematous lesions- with or without ulceration
Provide 5 examples of topical txt for mucositis.
1) Morphine 2% mouthwash
2) Lidocaine oral jelly 2%
3) Ketamine 20mg
4) Magic mouthwash often contain diphenhydramine, antacid, lidocaine, nystatin, steroid)
5) Doxepin 0.5% mouthwash
How does oral candidiasis present?
white lesion
on exam: confluent white plaques that CAN be wiped off with gauze, leaving an erythematous surface below
What is the first line txt for oral candidiasis?
Topical Nystatin (500 000 Units QID 7-14 days)
Other than suspensions, what other txt options are available to treat oral candidiasis?
Fluconazole tablets
Itraconazole capsules
How does herpes simplex virus present on exam?
erythematous vesicular ulcer
What does HSV often coexist with?
mucositis
What topical txt would you prescribe for confirmed oral HSV?
1) topical acyclovir 5%
2) docosanol 10%
What oral txt would you prescribe for confirmed oral HSV?
1) acyclovir
2) valacyclovir
3) famciclovir
Some cancer patients may be thrombocytopenic, local intraoral bleeding can coexist with mucositis. If blding cannot be controlled with pressure, what option can you offer?
Tranexamic acid 4.8% rinse 10ml QID
Class: antifibrinolytics
What is xerostomia?
Sensation of dry mouth
Head and neck patients are particularly susceptible to this due to rads.
Name 6 classes of medications that cause xerostomia
1) diuretics
2) opioids
3) anticholinergics
4) antidepressants
5) antipsychotics
6) antihistamines
Name complications that can arise from xerostomia?
Halitosis
taste disturbance
Difficulty chewing or swallowing
Oral candidiasis
Dental caries and erosion
Psychosocial problems such as anxiety and isolation.
Name 4 dietary changes that patients with xerostomia should make.
avoid salty food
avoid sugary food
avoid alcohol
avoid caffeine
What drug can be used to treat dry mouth?
Pilocarpine
What class of medication does pilocarpine belong to?
Cholinergic agonist
What do you call oral inflammation caused by infection, trauma or medication
Stomatitis
What do you call mucosal damage to the mouth, pharynx, larynx, esophagus and other areas of the GI tract caused by cancer therapy?
Mucositis
What usually makes up magic mouthwash?
Diphenhydramine
nystatin
Antacid
Steroid
Morphine
Lidocaine
Name classes of drugs that can cause xerostomia
anticholinergics
diuretics
opioids
antidepressants
antipsychotics
antihistamines
