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Amanda-MSD > Motor Speech Disorders (MS) Final > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders (MS) Final Flashcards

1
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis (main problem) associated with hypokinetic dysarthria?

A

Rigidity & reduced range of movement

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2
Q

Movement disorders associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria include(4 types)

A
  1. tics, 2. dystonia, 3. chorea, 4. tremor
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3
Q

Reduced respiratory support for speech, reduced loudness, pitch variability, & reduced phrase length can be caused by lesions to the ____? (spastic respiratory nerves, cranial respiratory nerves, spinal respiratory nerves, or spinal cranial nerves)

A

spastic respiratory nerves

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4
Q

Where does flaccid dysarthria localize?

A

LMN- Lower Motor Neurons

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5
Q

Where does the unilateral dysarthria localize to?

A

Unilateral UMN-upper motor neuron system

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6
Q

What are the 2 most common known causes of motor unit lesions that cause flaccid dysarthria? {radiation, surgical trauma, infection, degenerative disease)

A

degenerative disease, surgical trauma

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7
Q

Phonatory & Resonatory incompetence are commonly encountered distinguishing features of what type of dysarthria? (hypokinetic, flaccid, ataxic, spastic)

A

Flaccid

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8
Q

Where does ataxic dysarthria localize to?

A

Cerebellar control circuit

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9
Q

Clinical characteristic of cerebellar lesions & ataxia include (Check all that apply: hypotonia, titubation, respiratory insufficiency, and/or nystagmus)

A

Titubation, nystagmus, hypotonia

Titubation (rhythmic tremor of body or head–like rocking of trunk or head; rotary motion), Nystagmus (rapid back & forth jerky eye movements) & Hypotonia (excessive pendulousness) (Duffy, p. 139)

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10
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis (or main problem) associated with spastic dysarthria?

A

Spasticity

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11
Q

____ palsy occurs when several cranial nerves are affected.

A

Bulbar

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12
Q

A 73 year old woman presented with a 10-year history of voice difficulty that was present upon awakening one day. The problem progressed for awhile, but the patient had been stable for several years. Neurologic evaluation identified a head tremor, postural upper extremity tremor, and “spastic speech.” The speech evaluation noted her speech was characterized by a tremor that consistently interrupted her voice and slowed her speech rate. Prolonged “ah” contained consistent, somewhat irregular and strained voice interruptions were noted. Tremor fluctuations were not apparent during prolongation of voiceless fricatives. What type of dysarthria?

A

Spastic

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13
Q

A 67 year old female was referred to you for a speech evaluation from her neurologist. She recently had an anoxic episode during a hysterectomy surgery, causing widespread cortical damage. She complains of difficulty eating & swallowing, drooling, difficulty speaking. During the oral mechanism exam, you note slow alternating motion rates (AMRs), reduced range of motion of the jaw and tongue and presence of the jaw jerk reflex. Her speech rate is slow. She presents with a strained-strangled voice & imprecise articulation? What type of MSD? spastic, hypokinetic, flaccid, or ataxic

A

Spastic (Duffy, p. 118-135; Jaw Jerk-p. 125)

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14
Q

Individuals with ___dysarthria may complain of chewing and swallowing problems, effortful speech, involuntary orofacial movements, and “tricks” that improve speech temporarily

A

Hyperkinetic dysarthria (Duffy, p. 183-210)

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15
Q

Movement between the thumb & forefinger is called____ ____?

A

pill-rolling

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16
Q

What is the most common etiology / main category of UMN dysarthria?

A

Vascular/ Stroke

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17
Q

Slurred speech and “drunken” sounding speech is one of the hallmark complaints of individuals with ___ dysarthria?

A

Ataxic- affects cerebellar control circuit– causes incoordination (just like when you’re drunk, and lack coordination?)

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18
Q

The most distinctive clues of spastic dysarthria include: (check all that apply: [ ] slow & regular AMRs, [ ] strained-harsh voice quality, [ ] slow speech rate, [ ] reduced pitch & loudness variability)

A

ALl of the Above (I think) [ ] slow & regular AMRs, [ ] strained-harsh voice quality, [ ] slow speech rate, [ ] reduced pitch & loudness variability

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19
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis (or main problem) associated with flaccid dysarthria?

A

Weakness

20
Q

___ is a nonspecific term that indicates inflammation of the spinal cord.

A

Myelitis

21
Q

Spasticity, weakness, reduced range of movement, slowness of movement are salient effects of what type of lesions?

A

UMN- Upper motor neuron

22
Q

The dysarthria types differ in: [ ] speech characteristics, [ ] oral mech findings [ ] etiologic distributions, [ ] anatomic and vascular localization

A

Check all of the above: [ ] speech characteristics, [ ] oral mech findings [ ] etiologic distributions, [ ] anatomic and vascular localization

23
Q

Monopitch, monoloudness, reduced stress, and short phrases are speech characteristics that can be attributed to which cluster of deviant dimensions?

A

Prosodic insufficiency

24
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis (or main problem) associated with unilateral UMN dysarthria?

A

UMN weakness and possibly incoordination or spasticity

25
Q

Parkinson’s disease is a degenerative condition associated with the depletion of ___

A

dopamine

26
Q

A patient who has problems that localize to the extrapyramidal system will have which type(s) of dysarthria?

A

Hyperkinetic, Hypokinetic

27
Q

A 54 year old woman has been referred for a speech evaluation by her neurologist. She has had worsening of her speech difficulties over the last 6 months, she has been diagnosed with cerebellar degeneration. She is currently working as a marketing manager for Nabisco foods. Which speech symptom would most likely be present? [ ] breathy voice, [ ] dystonia, [ ] irregular articulatory breakdowns, [ ] hypophonia

A

irregular articulatory breakdowns

28
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis associated with hyperkinetic dysarthria? Pick one: [ ] spasticity, [ ] incoordination, [ ] rigidity & reduced ROM, [ ] Weakness [ ] Involuntary movements

A

Involuntary movements

29
Q

A weak or quiet voice, rapid rate of speech, difficulty initiating speech, drooling, and swallowing complaints are common with____

A

Hypokinetic

30
Q

A 68-year old man presented with a 5 year history of difficulty getting into and out of chairs, stiffness during walking, and difficulty turning in bed. He had voice and handwriting difficulty. HE presented with neck rigidity and diminished arm swing. Facial expression was masked. He reported he was uncertain if “ words would come out.” His spouse reported he was quieter and slower in the evening or following extended periods of speaking. His jaw, lips, and tongue were mildly tremulous during sustained postures. Infrequent rapid repetitions, prolongations of initial phonemes, nasal emission (but did not sound hypernasal) was observed during the speech evaluation. Speech AMRs normal, prolonged “ah” was breathy-hoarse. What type of dysarthria?

A

Hypokinetic

31
Q

What is the specific neuromuscular basis (main problem) associated with ataxic dysarthria?

A

Incoordination

32
Q

A 57 year old man was seen for evaluation. He had residual symptoms from a stroke 3 years earlier. The neurologist reported the patient had a “pure motor hemiparesis, almost like a capsular infarct.” The speech evaluation revealed mild lower left face and tongue weakness. The patient’s speech revealed mildly imprecise articulation and imprecise AMRs. phonation and resonance were normal. What type of dysarthria does this patient have?

A

Unilateral Upper Motor Neuron (UUMN) Dysarthria

33
Q

Deviant speech characteristics of hyperkinetic dysarthria can be manifest at what levels of speech? [ ] respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, and prosoditory, [ ] respiratory & articulatory, [ ] only prosody, [ ] respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory

A

respiratory, phonatory, resonatory, articulatory

34
Q

Where does spastic dysarthria localize to?

A

Bilateral UMNs

35
Q

In UUMN dysarthria, the clinician might observe the following during an oral mechanism exam: [ ]Contralateral lingual weakness, [ ] lower facial weakness & hemiparesis, [ ] drooling, [] hyponasality)

A

Contralateral lingual weakness, lower facial weakness & hemiparesis, & drooling [would NOT observe hyponasality]

36
Q

Flaccid dysarthria characterized by tongue weakness is due to damage to which cranial nerve? X, VII, V, XII?

A

XII -Cranial Nerve 12- Hypoglossal (Fx= tongue movement)

37
Q

A 72 year old man is referred to you for a speech evaluation by his neurologist. His medical history includes a left-side brainstem stroke 6 months ago, with no previous strokes. The area of his stroke suggests impairment of cranial nerves IX, X, and XI on the left. What type of dysarthria would you suspect? Spastic, Ataxic, Hyperkinetic, or Flaccid?

A

Flaccid??

38
Q

The 3 essential procedural components when assessing an individual for dysarthria are review ___ ___, identify ___ ___, and identify ___ ____/

A

Review medical history, identify salient features, identify confirmatory signs

39
Q

A 63-year old female was hospitalized for evaluation & treatment of cardiovascular problems. 3 weeks before admission, she suddenly developed speech & gait difficulty. She had no difficulties with language, chewing, or swallowing. A CT scan of the head identified a 2 cm area of low attenuation in the right cerebellar hemisphere consistent with a stroke. The SLP evaluation results noted: normal oral mechanism; speech difficulties included irregular articulatory breakdowns, irregular speech AMRs, and unsteady vowel prolongation. The SLPreported intelligibility was normal. With what motor speech disorder would you diagnose her?

A

Ataxic

40
Q

Where does hyperkinetic dysarthria primarily localize to? Cerebellar control circuit, UMNs, Basal Ganglia Control Circuit , Unilateral UMN system, Bilateral UMN

A

Basal Ganglia Control Circuit

41
Q

Perpetual attributes consistent with laryngeal muscle weakness & hypotonia are a result of lesions to which branch of the vagus nerve? Recurrent laryngeal & pharyngeal, superior laryngeal & recurrent laryngeal, superior laryngeal & pharyngeal, OR superior laryngeal & recumbent laryngeal

A

superior laryngeal & recumbent laryngeal

42
Q

One of the most deviant speech characteristics of Unilateral UMN dysarthria is____ . imprecise articulation, reduced loudness, hypernasality, irregular articulatory breakdowns & irregular AMRs, hoarse or strained voice

A

Imprecise articulation

43
Q

Individuals who are diagnosed with MS often have __ dysarthria

A

Ataxic - p. 141- “About 80% of people with MS are ataxic”

44
Q

Where does hypokinetic dysarthria localize to?

A

Basal Ganglia Control Circuit

45
Q

Hallmark speech characteristics of hypokinetic dysarthria include: accelerated speech, strained-harsh voice quality, inappropriate silences, monopitch (select all that apply)

A

a include: accelerated speech, strained-harsh voice quality, inappropriate silences, monopitch

Amanda-MSD (1 decks)

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