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Clinical Topics 1 > Motor Speech Disorders L1 > Flashcards

Motor Speech Disorders L1 Flashcards

Dysarthria - Lecture 1

1
Q

How many subsystems of speech are there?

A

Five

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2
Q

Name the subsystems of speech.

A

Respiration
Phonation
Articulation
Resonance
Prosody

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3
Q

What is phonation also know as?

A

Voicing

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4
Q

What are suprasegmental aspects of speech?

A

Prosody
- Intonation
- Tone
- Pitch
Rhythm

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5
Q

What are the Segmental features of speech?

A

Consonants and vowels (phonemes)

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6
Q

Dysarthrias affect an individual’s ability to…..

Dysarthria ‘RATTSSS

A

Control and execute speech

- neuromuscular execution

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7
Q

Apraxias affect an individual’s ability to….

A

Plan and program speech

motor speech planning, programming and control

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8
Q

MSD is an umbrella term for…?

A

Apraxia’s and Dysarthria’s

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9
Q

Is apraxia cognitive or neurological?

  • Apraxia will be revisited later on. Prepare to edit
A

Cognitive
- it’s not about damage to peripheral nerves, rather a reduced capacity of the brain to plan.

  • the person and brain still know what they should be doing and how they should be doing it
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10
Q

Symptoms vs Signs

A

Sign - what the clinician observes and identifies, characteristics.

Symptoms - what the patient feels/notes

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11
Q

Dysarthria affects muscle movement. List 7 symptoms/signs of these impacts.

A

Changes in:
Tone
Speed
Strength
Steadiness
Range
Timing
Accuracy

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12
Q

What does RATTSSS mean as Dysarthric signs/symptoms?

A

A change in
Range
Accuracy
Timing
Tone
Speed
Strength
Steadiness

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13
Q

What does intelligibility mean?
How does it differ to comprehensibility?

A

Intelligibility - ‘the degree to which the acoustic signal is understood by a listener’’ (Yorkston, Kennedy & Strand, 1996, p.56)Comprehensibility - how language and gestures are understood

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14
Q

What are Dysarthrias?

A

Neurologically based speech disorders that affect RATTSSS due to disordered muscle movements.
This affects the 5 subsystems of speech PARRP

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15
Q

What are PARRPs?

A

The 5 subsystems of speech
Phonation
Articulation
Resonance
Respiration
Prosody

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16
Q

Incidence vs Prevalence

A

Incidence - how many onsets
Prevalence - how many cases at a time

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17
Q

What are the 3 models of the dysathrias?

A

Social
Medical
Mayo Clinic

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18
Q

Explain the Medical Model of Dysarthrias

A

Looks at presentation and cause

19
Q

What are the two key groups, the two key classifications, of the medical model of Dysarthrias?

A

Acute onset (3)

Progressive (2)

20
Q

What are the three acute onsets of dysathria?

A

TIA
Improving (stroke/TBI
Chronic/stable (long term

21
Q

What are the two forms of Progressive Dysarthrias?

A

Parkinson’s, Huntingson’s
- continual decline

MS
- remitting + relapsing

22
Q

How many key clusters of Dysarthria has the Mayo Clinic identified?

A

eight
HAHFUUMS

23
Q

What is HHAFUUMS

A

The key clusters of dysarthrias identified by the mayo clinic.

Hypokinetic
Hyperkinetic
Ataxic
Flaccid
Spastic
Mixed
Unilateral Upper Motor
Undetermined

24
Q

Give the 8 key clusters identified by the Mayo Clinic

A

Hyperkinetic
Hypokinetic
Ataxic
Flaccid
Spastic
Mixed
Unilateral Upper Motor
Undetermined

25
Q

What is Ataxic Dysarthria?

A

Damage to the cerebellum causing incoordination.

26
Q

Is Parkinson’s Hypo or Hyper-kinetic?

A

Hypo

27
Q

Is Huntingson’s Hypo or Hyper kinetic?

A

Hyper

28
Q

Which two assessments, used in the UK on dysarthria, are based on the Mayo Clinic key clusters?

Of the two, which is the most used?

A

Frenchay Dysarthria Assessment
Robertson Dysarthria Profile

Frenchay (FDA)

29
Q

Which two Dysarthrias identified by the Mayo Clinic, are extrapyramidal and formed from damage to the basal ganglia?

A

Hypo and Hyper kinetic

30
Q

What structure of the basal ganglia controls movement?

A

Substantia Nigra

31
Q

Where in the brain in the basal ganglia located?

A

Midbrain

32
Q

The Pars Reticula and Pars Compacta are areas of which structure?
What role(s) do they have?

A

Substantia Nigra

Compacta - produces dopamine to control movement
Reticula - regulates unwanted movement

33
Q

What is the Neuromotor effect of Hypokinetic Dysarthria?

A

Rigidity/reduced movement

34
Q

What is the Neuromotor effect of Hyperkinetic Dysarthria?

A

Abnormal movements

35
Q

Dystonia and Choreiform are signs of which Dysarthria?

A

Hyperkinetic

36
Q

Dystonia vs Choreiform

A

Dystonia (prolonged muscle contractions - typically seen as turning limbs inwards [ThisTrippyHippy]

Choreiform - random and unpredictable movements

37
Q

Why does damage to upper motor neurons cause spasticity?

A

These neurons leave the brain, enter the spinal cord and synapse with lower motor neurons which exit the spinal cord.
These neurons don’t cause muscle movement directly, but initiate it.
If they don’t work, the lower motor neurons have unregulated movements.

38
Q

If an individual has Flaccid Dysarthria, what is the neuromotor effect, and what structures(s) has been damaged?

A

Effect - weakness
Lower motor neurons are damaged - no signals reaching effector muscles

39
Q

Motor Speech Disorders are the result of damage to….

A

The central and/or peripheral nervous system.
(Cranial/spinal nerves)

40
Q

Is Dysarthria a MSD where neuromuscular execution is impacted (control and execution) or where motor speech planning, programming and control is impacted (planning and programming?)

A

Neuromuscular execution

41
Q

‘Motor speech processes’ is a general term for which combined processes of speech?

A

speech motor planning, programming, control and execution

42
Q

Does aprosodia affect both comprehension and expression of prosody?

A

Yes

43
Q

What are MSDs?

A

Speech disorders due to neurologic impairment affecting planning, programming, execution and control of speech.

44
Q
A

Clinical Topics 1 (3 decks)

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