Motor speech disorders

Question 1

Hypokinetic dysarthria

Answer 1

Not enough movement.

Speech is mono pitch and mono loudness, low speech rate with short rushes of speech, long inappropriate pauses, articulation accuracy fluctuates. Reduced rate in speed of movement, muscle rigidity, breast tremors. Causes Parkinson disease.

Basal ganglia damage. Parkinson’s disease. Slow, decreased, and precise movement. Tremor at rest, lack of facial expression – masked facies

Question 2

subglottic swallow

Answer 2

Hold your breath while swallowing, cough, and swallow again.

For delayed pharyngeal swallow reduced or delayed initiation laryngeal closure

Question 3

Super supraglottic swallow

Answer 3

Inhale, hold breath, bear down tightly, hold during swallow, cough to clear.

For reduced laryngeal closure. combo of supraglottic and effort for close airway at three points

Question 4

Mixed dysarthria

Answer 4

Speech is different depending on disease type. Multiple motor system lesions. Muscular weakness, reduced range and speed of motion, some intention tremors.

Cause is ALS, MS, Wilsons disease.

Flaccid/spastic is the most common mixed also known as ALS or Lou Gehrig’s disease.

Question 5

Hyperkinetic dysarthria

Answer 5

Imprecise articulation, varied rate and loudness, harsh voice

Rapid jerks and ticks

Basal ganglia damage. Huntington’s chorea, too much movement. Myclonus, Tex, blinking, squinting.

Question 6

Ataxic dysarthria

Answer 6

Speech is irregular articulation, slow, inaccurate, rhythm disruptions, Sony prolongation, excess loudness.

Inaccurate range, timing and direction, low muscle tone, reduced speed of movement,

Damage to the cerebellum. Coordination and rhythm problem. Drunken like sound.

Question 7

Flaccid dysarthria

Answer 7

Instinct and labored articulation, hypernasality, breathy voice quality

Lower motor neuron damage. Breathy weak  Voice

Question 8

Spastic dysarthria

Answer 8

Slow imprecise articulation, hypernasality Palmer strained, strangled, harsh voice quality, monotones pitch and loudness, short phrases

Bilateral upper motor neuron damage. Harsh, hyper strained voice.

Question 9

Unilateral upper motor neuron dysarthria

Answer 9

Imprecise consonant, irregular articulatory breakdown, harsh voice.

Only problems with one side of the upper motor neuron.