Motor Skills (3.1) Flashcards
Definition of a Motor Skill
Involves a sequence of movements that are reasonable complex to the individual performing them
What do Motor Skills depend on?
Practise Frequency: how often one practises
Value of Practise: what is learned when you practise the skill
Application of Learning: how well learning is applied to making skill efficient
Definition of Subroutines
Individual components or parts of a motor skill
How does a Skilled Movement occur?
When all the subroutines of a skill are performed int eh correct sequence and with correct timing
Definition of a Motor Program
set of instructions held in LTM and sent to muscles specifying timing and sequencing of movement resulting in correct production of skill
What are the Three Classification of Motor Skills
Movement Precision: fine or gross
Types of Movement: discrete, continuous, serial
Environmental Predictability: open or closed
What is a Discrete Motor Skill?
Skills which have distinct beginning and end
What is Continuous Motor Skill?
Skills which do not have a distinct beginning and end
come together in a movement sequence i.e. running, swimming, cycling
What is a Serial Motor Skill?
A number of discrete skills string together to create a movement sequence
What are Closed Skills?
Skills performed in an predictable environment
Performer has full control of timing (internally paced)
What are Open Skills?
Skills performed in an unpredictable environment
Timing of skill is determined by external factors (externally paced)
Learning Closed Skills
Learning Closed Skills
- Easier to learn
- Environment is more predictable, learner can focus on subroutines without worrying about external factors
- Can perform the skill in their own time
Learning Open Skills
- Harder to learn
- Learner has to contend with external factors
- Learner is not able to wholly focus on subroutines of skill
- Timing of skill may be impacted by external factors
What are Fitts’ and Posner’s Three Stages of Learning
Cognitive stage - Understanding
Associative stage: Practise
Autonomous stage: Automatic Reference
5 Characteristics of the Cognitive Stage
- Makes many errors
- Rarely repeats the same skill in the same manner
- Perform skill slowly
- Poor timing
- May be frustrated and lose motivation
Cognitive Stage Coaching Tips
- Give clear instructions
- Don’t overload with information
- Allow learner to ‘feel’ the movement
- Provide accurate demonstration
Associative Stage Coaching Tips
- Providing specific and accurate feedback directed at technical aspects of skill
- Provide practise in competition simulated situations
- Continually seek to challenge the performer by increasing difficulty, expectations and tolerances
5 characteristics of Autonomous Stage
- Can perform skill without thinking
- Has automatic timing of subroutines
- Effortless movements
- High speed and high efficiency
- Performer identifies and corrects their own skill
Autonomous Stage Coaching tips
- Performer can chunk large amounts of into to reduce response times
- Skill can deteriorate if performer focuses on individual components of skill (over analysis)
