Motor Skill Classification I Flashcards
What are the three skill domains?
Cognitive, perceptual, and motor
Definition: cognitive skill
A skill for which success is primarily determined by an individual’s knowledge and mental abilities
Definition: skill
A learned, goal-directed activity entailing a broad range of human behaviour
Definition: perceptual skill
A skill for which the ability to discern and discriminate among sensory stimuli is of primary concern in successfully accomplishing the skill
Definition: motor skill
A learned, goal-directed activity for which success is primarily determined by the quality of an individual’s quality of movement and accomplished through muscular contributions to action
Examples of cognitive skills
Reading, writing, solving math problems, crossword puzzles, calling plays in a football game…etc
Example of perceptual skills
Selecting good fruit at the store, sorting something by size, “reading” a football defence, identifying food ingredients by taste
Examples of motor skills
Standing up and sitting down, turning on a lamp, washing dishes, riding a bike, running, shaking someone’s hand
True or false: motor skills can be genetically inherited
False.
They must be either learned or relearned, they are not natural abilities
What are the 7 things that skill learning have in common regardless of domain?
- Transfer specificity
- Learning rates
- Learning stages
- Individual differences in skill performance
- Importance of imagery
- Involvement of neural substrates
- Similar training effects
By Guthrie’s definition, what 3 things define a skilled performance?
- Max goal attainment certainty
- Min energy expenditure
- Min movement time
Give examples of when decrease in movement time actually decreases performance success. Which principle does these examples demonstrate?
Ex. Hammering a nail, hitting a baseball…etc
These examples demonstrate the principle: “the speed-accuracy trade-off”
What are the 4 terms that are commonly misused in replace of “motor skill”?
Response, action, movement, and ability
Definition: response
A term used synonymously with motor skill, especially by those who favour and emphasize the behavioural and cognitive aspects of skill acquisition
Definition: action
A term used synonymously with motor skill, favoured by those who focus on the effects of the environment and various interactions on motor control and acquisition
Definition: movement
A change in position of the limbs or body segments; the behavioural components used to assemble motor skills
Definition: ability
A genetically endowed trait underlying the performance of motor skills
Are abilities learned or natural?
They are genetically endowed traits
Give some examples of abilities
Hand-eye coordination, reaction time, speed of limb movement …etc
What are the 3 components of analyzing motor skills? (Newell, 1986)
- The person
- The nature of the skill
- The environment
What are some examples of “the person” motor performance effects?
Previous skill Level of motivation Age and developmental readiness Psychological characteristics Fitness level Bodily constrain
What are some examples of “the nature of the skill” motor performance effects?
Performed in isolation vs others Executed rapidly or over time Perceptual demands Stable and changing conditions Use of equipment Rules of constraining action
What are some examples of “the environment” motor performance effects?
Predictability of the environment Presence of others Light, wind, surface conditions...etc Environmental context Constraints on movement possibilities Perceptual elements present in environment
By Sheridan’s definition, what 4 essential characteristics that are common to all motor skills must be addressed when creating an adequate motor skill theory?
- Motor equivalence
- Motor variability
- Motor consistency
- Motor modifiability
Definition: motor equivalence
The capacity to produce many different movement patterns to accomplish the same goal
Definition: motor variability
No two movement patters, even of the same skill, are produced in the exactly the same way, refers to the natural imperfection in the body’s movements
Definition: motor consistency
The capacity to achieve the goals of motor skill consistently; the capacity of the human motor system to learn
Definition: motor modifiability
The capacity to alter a movement pattern to achieve a new action goal
