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Motor Development & Behavior > Motor Milestones > Flashcards

Motor Milestones Flashcards

1
Q

How long is, and what occurs during, the first trimester?

A

1 - 12 weeks

@ 7-8weeks: fetal movement occurs
@ 9 weeks: jerky, startle type movements occur

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2
Q

How long is, and what occurs during, the second trimester?

A

13-36 weeks

body proportions grow to newborn proportions

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3
Q

How long is, and what occurs during, the third trimester?

A

27-40 weeks

  • body weight triples
  • body length doubles
  • body fat accumulates to aid in body temperature regulation
    @36 weeks the lungs develop
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4
Q

What timeframe is a baby considered a newborn?

A

38 - 42 weeks

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5
Q

What timeframe is a baby considered premature?

A

A baby born at < 38 weeks

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6
Q

What are the general characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • head is proportionately larger
  • short LEs
  • kyphotic
  • horizontal ribs
  • PHYSIOLOGICAL FLEXION
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7
Q

What are the ROM considerations for a newborn?

A
  • excessive DF

- hip and knee contractures (30deg flx)

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8
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • head rotated
  • neonatal righting
  • ROOTING REFLEX
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9
Q

What are the supported sitting characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • fleeting attempts to lift head

- back is rounded with perpendicular pelvis

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10
Q

What are the prone characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • weightbears through upper trunk, shoulders, and head

- lifts head to clear airway

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11
Q

What are the UE characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • hand movement is related to arm movement
    • -> hands open with shoulder abduction
  • strong grasp that is loosely flexed at rest
  • resting posture:
    • slight shoulder ADD
    • elbow flx
    • pronation
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12
Q

What are the LE characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • vigorous, rhythmical, reciprocal kicking
  • automatic standing and stepping

Biomechanics:

  • shallow acetabulum
  • femoral coxa valga
  • femoral anteversion
  • femoral bowing
  • medial femoral torsion
  • genu varum
  • tibia varum
  • tibial torsion
  • calcaneal varus
  • forefoot varus
  • occasional metatarsal adductus
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13
Q

What are the vision characteristics of a newborn?

A
  • prefers strong contrasts
  • Best: 8-9inches away
  • fixates on lateral/vertical moving objects
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14
Q

What are the general characteristics of a 1-2 month old?

A
  • decreased physiological flexion
  • relative hypotonia and asymmetry
  • active postural control appears
  • increased alertness and visual awareness leads to more purposeful head movement
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15
Q

What are the prone characteristics of a 1-2 month old?

A
  • head lift up to 45deg
  • elbows behind shoulders
  • increased head/neck extensor muscles
  • decreased fwd weight shift onto face/shoulders
  • decreased hip flx
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16
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a 1-2 month old?

A
  • increased c/s rotation with movement of extremities away from body
  • ATNR appears
  • head rarely in midline
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17
Q

What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 1-2 month old?

A
  • scapular adduction assists with head lift
    Pull to sit:
  • head lags
  • grasp reflex with traction leads to elbow flexion
18
Q

What are the supported stand characteristics of a 1-2 month old?

A
  • astasia abasia
19
Q

What are the UE characteristics for a 1-2 month old?

A
  • swiping in supine
  • decreased grasp reflex
  • brief retention of objects placed in hand
  • B scapular retraction and spinal extension leads assists with head lifting (synergistic stability)
20
Q

What are the LE characteristics for a 1-2 month old?

A
  • B and symmetrical kicking

- feet come together

21
Q

What are the general characteristics for a 3 month old?

A
  • alert and aware
  • visually interacts with caregivers (eye contact)
  • midline orientation appears
  • symmetry begins
    • increased B symmetrical activity
  • increased antigravity flexor control
22
Q

What are prone characteristics of a 3 month old?

A
  • sustained prone on elbows
    • head elevated to 45-90deg in midline
  • subtle weight shifts with rotated and elevated head
  • increased caudal weigh shift (lumbar ext help stabilize thorax)
23
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a 3 month old?

A
  • symmetry and midline become dominant
  • chin tuck occurs due to control of B capital/cervical flexors
    • leads to elongation of capital/cervical extensors
  • foot to foot play
  • increased active knee extension, hip extension, hip adduction
  • decreased ER
24
Q

What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 3 month old?

A
  • sustained head lift
    Pull to sit:
  • head rights midway through
25
Q

What are the standing characteristics of a 3 month old?

A
  • astasia abasia disappears
  • sustained head lift
  • scapular adduction
  • toe curling
  • plantar grasp reflex
  • medial foot weight bearing
  • able to track 180deg with head extended
  • eye-hand regard
26
Q

What are the general characteristics of a 4 month old?

A
  • controlled, purposeful movements and alternating coordinated movements appear
  • easy alternation between flx/ext in supine and prone
  • visually tracks w/o head turning
  • downward visual gaze develops
27
Q

What are the prone characteristics of a 4 month old?

A
  • 90deg head ext
  • pivoting
  • prone on hands (extended UE)
  • LANDAU REFLEX
  • increased lordosis
  • flexes head without collapsing
  • ribs less horizontal
  • weight on forearms increases pec activity and begins extension balancing
  • increased activity of adductors, erector spinae, and obliques
28
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a 4 month old?

A
  • increase hip ext, ADD
  • alternates btwn post/ant pelvic tilt
  • hands to knees/other body parts
  • begin to see ankle PF/INV/EV
29
Q

What are sidelying characteristics of a 4 month old?

A
  • roll from supine with hands on knees
    • initiates with head rot/symmetrical flx
  • provides rib cage shaping/mobility
30
Q

What are UE characteristics of a 4 month old?

A
  • reach with forearm pronation/wrist ext in supine
  • primitive ulnar grasp
  • brings hands together
  • uncontrolled release w/ hands
  • shaking, banging, puts objects in mouth
31
Q

What are the general characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • voluntary, asymmetrical, dissociated reciprocal movements
  • balance of flx/ext with lateral flx emerging
  • increased spinal mobility
32
Q

What are the prone characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • prone on elbows lateral shifting (frees face side hand for reach, LEs)
  • push up on hands
  • roll to supine
33
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • feet to mouth
  • flexes head if hand-held
  • rolls to side
34
Q

What are the sidelying characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • symmetrical then asymmetrical

- momentary lateral flexion of head

35
Q

What are the supported sitting characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • ring sitting

- props on hands

36
Q

What are the UE characteristics of a 5 month old?

A
  • palmar grasp
  • occasionally manipulates/transfers objects
  • brings toys to mouth
  • grabs, mouths, bangs, shakes objects
37
Q

What are the general characteristics of a 6 month old?

A
  • more active with less positional stability
  • good head control (flx/ext/lat flx)
  • LEs gain ext control
  • begins to respond to diagonal WS with rotation
  • independent sitting
38
Q

What are the prone characteristics of a 6 month old?

A
  • MATURE LANDAU (ext balanced with flx, head/neck ext balanced with flx, chin tucked with elongation of extensors)
  • prone on extended arms
    • pivoting
  • pushing backwards (may assume quadruped)
39
Q

What are the supine characteristics of a 6 month old?

A
  • lifts head (synergy of capital/cervical flx & abdominals to stabilize thorax)
  • legs extend w/ pull to sit
  • roll to prone
  • plays with feet in air
40
Q

What are the mobility characteristics of a 6 month old?

A 
Rolling:
- supine to prone
     - initiated w/ flx
     - transitions to ext in SL
Sitting:
- positional leg stability
- fwd protective ext
- WS occurs ipsi to head rotation (might fall)
Standing:
- sufficient hip/trunk control --> independent hold to support
- might bounce
- LEs abducted
41
Q

What are the UE characteristics of a 6 month old?

A
  • increased abdominal control (thorax stabilization w/ UE movement)
  • SA stabilizes scapula
  • Dynamic stabilization of humerus w/ reaching (RTC, deltoids, pec maj)
  • ability to stop humeral movement midway (more precise reaching, crosses midline, isolated elbow movement)
  • some forearm supination w/ shoulder ER
  • palmar grasp
  • radial palmar grasp
42
Q

What are the LE characteristics of a 6 month old?

A
  • Adducted hips w/ less ER
  • LE dissociation w/ lateral WS
  • hip IR and elongation of hip ADDs
    Prone:
  • WBing side ext, add, IR to neutral
  • NWBing side flx, abd, ER
  • pelvis laterally flx, rotates posteriorly

Motor Development & Behavior (1 decks)

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