Motor Milestones Flashcards
1
Q
Neonatal: Prone
A
- UEs and LEs symmetrical and flexed
- Face turned to side (Protect airways)
- Able to lift head and turn to side; weight shifted on to shoulders
2
Q
Neonatal: Supine
A
- Extremities kept flexed; CAN move against gravity
- Head kept to side
- HEAD LAG during PTS
3
Q
Neonatal: Standing
A
- Positive Support Reflex
- Automatic walking reflex
4
Q
2 Months: Prone
A
- Hips extended and pelvis flatter
- Shoulders ABd- beginning to put weight through hands and upper chest (Stability)
- Brief maintenance of head in midline
- More LE movement (since UE stabilized)
5
Q
2 Months: Supine
A
- ACTIVE NECK ROTATION
- Increased UE and LE ER and ABd
- Increased hip extension
- Eye hand regard with brief visual fixation
6
Q
2 Months: Sitting
A
- Less head lag with PTS
- Intermittent neck control in supported sit
- Requires FULL trunk support
7
Q
2 Months: Standing
A
- Automatic Walking DISAPPEARS
- Little to no weight taken through LEs
8
Q
3 Months: Prone
A
- Can hold head up to 90 degrees
- POE; Wide UE BOS
- Increased Hip Extension
- LEs ABd and ER
9
Q
3 Months: Supine
A
- CAN HOLD HEAD IN MIDLINE
- Antigravity UE orientation/ Play in Midline
- LEs ABD and ER at rest
- Kicking movements of LEs
10
Q
3 Months: Sitting
A
- Beginning active neck flexion during PTS
- Trunk rounded in supported sitting
- Maintains anti-gravity head control with SHOULDER ELEVATION
11
Q
3 Months: Standing
A
- Will take weight through LEs in supported standing
12
Q
4 Months: Prone
A
- Increased trunk extension and control
- Midline anti-gravity head control
- Les more ADD (NARROW BOS)
- Beginning weight shift in POE
13
Q
4 Months: Supine
A
- Holds head in midline
- Reaching and midline play using UEs
- ANTIGRAVITY HIP FLEXION (Posterior Pelvic Tilt)
- INCREASING PELVIC MOBILITY
14
Q
4 Months: Sitting
A
- Actively flexes neck and elevates shoulder during PTS
- Midline head control during PTS maneuver
- Upper Trunk Extended in Supported Sitting
15
Q
4 Months: Standing
A
- Takes weight through LEs in Supported Standing
- Needs less trunk support
16
Q
5 Months: Prone
A
- Hips more extended
- Upper body stability allows greater active LE movement
- BEGINS TO WEIGHTSHIFT IN PRONE (may accidentally roll)
17
Q
5 Months: Supine
A
- Increased antigravity control of extremities
- Hip and abdominal control increased
- CONTROLLED REACHING with FULL EXTENSION of UEs
- May begin roll to sidelying
18
Q
5 Months: Sitting
A
- Tucks chin and keeps head in midline during PTS
- Less shoulder elevation secondary to increased abdominal control and UE control during PTS
- Leans forward and props on UEs or maintains UEs in high guard
- Increased Lower Body BOS to stabilize
19
Q
5 Months: Standing
A
- May try to pull to stand during PTS
- Will HYPEREXTEND knees to stabilize
- Increased LE BOS to stabilize
20
Q
6 Months: Prone
A
- Pushes up into prone on EXTENDED ARMS
- “Swimming” movements
- Shifts weight and reaches forward
- May begin crawling
21
Q
6 Months: Supine
A
- Active, purposeful ANTIGRAVITY NECK FLEXION
- Bilateral UE reaching and object manipulation
- Strong hip flexion with LE extension
- ROLLS TO PRONE USING LATERAL RIGHTING RESPONSE
22
Q
6 Months: Sitting
A
- Pulls self up on examiner’s finger during PTS
- Antigravity head and trunk control
- Hip extensors stabilized with PPT
- UE free for play or for protective extension forward
- CAN SIT INDEPENDENTLY WHEN PLACED
23
Q
6 Months: Standing
A
- Can sustain weight through LEs
- May see BOUNCING in supported standing
24
Q
7 Months: Prone
A
- Much more movement variability in prone
- Crawling more common– uses upper and lower trunk weightshifting
- Can roll to side lying. Likes to play in this position while propped on elbow
25
7 Months: Quadruped
- May begin to rock back and forth and push into sitting via lateral weight shift
- NOTE: Elongation on WB side and Lateral Flexion on NWB side
26
7 Months: Sitting
- Emerging LATERAL protective resposnes
- Wide base of support with LE's abducted and ER to protect from large weight shifts
- Freely uses UE's to play
27
7 Months: Standing
- May pull to stand-- will rely on UE's for support
- Can maintain hip extension
- May see bouncing in this position
28
8-9 Months: Sitting
- Significant improvement in trunk control
- Can use modified tailor sitting with more knee extension and adduction
- Can ROTATE TRUNK and LATERALLY GEIGHTSHIFT without falling
29
8-9 Months: Creeping
- May be primary means of locomotion
| - Counter- Rotation of trunk and pelvis seen with reciprocal creeping
30
8-9 Months: Kneeling
- Begins to assume kneeling from quadruped by actively extending the trunk
- No longer requires UE support to lift trunk
- May not have full hip extension in this position
31
8-9 Months: Standing
- Can get to standing from kneeling using UEs
- May begin to initiate LE dissociation via 1/2 kneeling
- Knee extension still MORE DOMINANT than hip extension
- LEs ABDucted and ER for stability
32
8-9 Months: Cruising
- Alternate Hip ABD/ADD
33
10-12 Months: Sitting
- Transitions to/from sitting are easier and quicker secondary to improved trunk control and increased mobility around the hips
- Able to independently assume and maintain trunk extension for kneeling and more active hip extension
- Alternates between kneeling and knee-sitting
34
10-12 Months: Fine Motor Skills
- May Revert to more stable (but more immature) positions while working on fine motor skills
35
10-12 Months: Kneeling and Climbing
- Kneeling and Climbing continues to improve
36
10-12 Months: Cruising/Emerging Gait
- Begins cruising forward
- Emerging Mature Gait Pattern: initially see high guard posture which eventually decreases; gait speed decreases; eventually see reciprocal arm swing
37
12-18 Months: TODDLER: General
- Tries to go up and down steps
- Advanced Equilibrium Skills: on riding toys, during climbing
- Significant fine motor skill development
- HAND PREFERENCE EMERGES AROUND 1 YEAR
38
12-18 Months: TODDLER: Fine Motor Skills
- More variety in grasping pattern
- Holds 2 objects in one hand
- More successful release
- Pours; turns knobs
- Reciprocal hand skills emerging (one manipulates, one stabilizes)
- Objects have purpose; hand skills are driven by function (increased tool use)
39
18 Months- 24 Months: Higher Level Gross Motor Skills
- Begins to jump in place
- Walks backward
- Carries objects while walking
- More mature arm swing
- Walks fast, seldom falling
- Runs Stiffly
- Walks Up stairs with one hand held
- May go up steps NON- RECIPROCALLY
- Seats self in a small chair
- Climbs into an adult chair
- Hurls a ball
40
2 years: Higher Level Gross Motor Skills
- Runs without falling
- Walks up and down stairs alone
- Jumps off a low step
- Kicks a large ball
- Throws overhand
41
3 Years: Higher Level Gross Motor Skills
- Walks up stairs by ALTERNATING feet
- Walks well on toes
- Demonstrates a true run
- Pedals and steers tricycle
- Jumps from a step
- Mature walking pattern by age 3
42
4 Years: Preschool
- Goes up and down steps with alternate feet
- Gallops
- Skips on one foot
- Hops on one foot
- Climbs well
- Enjoys athletic activities
- Independent dressing and grooming
43
5 Years: Preschool
- Skips with alternate feet
- Walks on a balance beam
- One foot balance for 10 seconds
- Able to walk on toes
- Hop on 1 foot several times
- Roller Skates; Rides a bike
- Can start and stop quickly
44
6-7 Years: School Age
- Can do sit ups, modified push ups
- Can kick a ball
- Can bounce a ball
45
7-8 Years: School Age
- Jumps Rope
| - Throws and bats more skillfully
46
Adolescence: Motor Skill Changes
- Enhanced muscle mass
- Increases in speed, strength, agility, and balance
- Refinement of gross motor skill coordination and timing
- Increased endurance; improved economy of movement
- Increases in intensity and frequency of activities that may predispose one to injury
- Period of rapid skill development
- Period of major growth changes
