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motor Learning > Motor Learning > Flashcards

Motor Learning Flashcards

1
Q

When assessing performance and making instructional decisions, which of the following must be considered?

A

d) All of the above

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2
Q

The field of study that focuses on the neural, physical, and behavior aspects that underlie human movement is _____.

A

B) Motor Control

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3
Q

Which of the following would NOT be considered a motor skill?

A

B) Knee-jerk reflex

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4
Q

A discrete skill:

A

c) has beginning and end points that are clearly defined

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5
Q

A skill that is composed of a number of discrete skills whose integrated performance is crucial for goal achievement is categorized as a/an:

A

a) serial skill

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6
Q

Which of the following is an example of a serial skill?

A

c) A floor routine in gymnastics

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7
Q

Which of the following is a continuous skill?

A

c) Rollerblading

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8
Q

Mountain biking, which requires the performer to continually adapt his or her responses to conform to the trail, would be considered what kind of skill:

A

a) an open skill

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9
Q

Practice for open skills should emphasize which of the following?

A

c) context variability

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10
Q

According to Gentile, the environmental factors that specify the movement characteristics necessary for successful performance of a skill are known as:

A

c) regulatory conditions.

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11
Q

Inter-trial response variability refers to:

A

b) whether the regulatory conditions remain fixed or change with each successive performance attempt.

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12
Q

Which of the following skills has low inter-trial variability

A

d) Shot put

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13
Q

According to Gentile’s multidimensional classification system, the simplest skill would be one whose:

A

a) environmental context is stationary, involves no inter-trial variability or body transport, and does not require object manipulation.

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14
Q

Which of the following is classified as a perceptual motor ability?

A

b) Response orientation

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15
Q

Which of the following is the ability to make continuous speed and direction adjustments with precision when tracking?

A

d) rate control

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16
Q

Which of the following abilities would NOT be needed to climb Mt. Everest?

A

c) Wrist finger speed

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17
Q

What is the process by which meaning is attached to input?

A

b) perception.

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18
Q

Reaction time is defined as:

A

c) the interval of time between the moment that a stimulus is presented and a response is initiated.

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19
Q

According to Hicks Law, a racquetball player has an advantage if he or she:

A

a) has a larger repertoire of serves.

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20
Q

Clues in the environment that if detected can assist a learner in anticipating

A

d) precues

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21
Q

Which of the following is the ability to attend to or focus on one specific item in the midst of countless stimuli?

A

b) selective attention.

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22
Q

An emotion resulting from an individual’s perception of a situation as threatening is known as

A

b) anxiety.

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23
Q

The natural level of arousal for one individual may be significantly higher than that of another individual.

A

TRUE

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24
Q

The action possibilities of the environment and task in relation to the perceiver’s own capabilities are called:

A

d) Affordances

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25
Q

The process of constraining available degrees of freedom to organize a movement pattern that will effectively achieve the goal of the task is called

A

a) coordination.

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26
Q

The manipulation of variables within a movement pattern to meet the demands of a given situation is known as:

A

b) control.

27
Q

A class of actions or pattern of movement that can be modified to yield various response outcomes is known as a:

A

c) generalized motor program

28
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered an invariant feature?

A

b) Specification of muscles and or limbs

29
Q

Which of the following is NOT considered a parameter?

A

d) Relative timing

30
Q

The elements of the generalized motor program that enable a center fielder to throw to third base from different areas of the field are called:

A

b) parameters.

31
Q

The relatively fixed underlying characteristics that define a generalized motor program are called:

A

a) invariant features.

32
Q

Which of the following specifies the parameter values assigned to the generalized motor program?

A

b) Schema

33
Q

Which of the following is not a source of information used to develop ones schema

A

Individual differences

34
Q

_____________ is the generation of action plans that contain all of the information necessary to complete a response.

A

a) An open skill

35
Q

A(n) _____________ is a rule or relationship that directs decision-making when a learner is faced with a movement problem.

A

c) schema

36
Q

According to the Dynamic System Theory, compressing available degrees of freedom into a single functional unit that is designed to carry out a specific task is called:

A

d) self-organization

37
Q

According to the dynamic system theory, ______________ are the boundaries that limit the movement capabilities of an individual.

A

a) constraints

38
Q

A change in the state of stability of a system that causes a spontaneous reorganization into a new form is called a(n):

A

c) phase shift

39
Q

Variables that move a system to a new attractor state are called:

A

b) phase shifts

40
Q

Constraints that function to hinder or hold back the ability of a system to change are called

A

a) rate limiters

41
Q

Strength could be considered as:

A

c) either a rate limiter or a control parameter, depending on the situation

42
Q

A change in relative timing indicates a

A

Generalized motor program

43
Q

If fear prevents a diver from improving on his or her performance on a particular dive then fear is acting as a:

A

d) rate limiter.

44
Q

The sensory receptors located in the muscles, tendons, and internal ears are called:

A

c) proprioceptors

45
Q

Which of the following detect stimuli outside of the body and provide information about the environment?

A

b) Exteroceptors

46
Q

Stimuli regarding feelings such as hunger and nausea would be detected by:

A

a) interoceptors

47
Q

Light sensitive cells located in the eyes that convert an image into a nerve impulse are called:

A

photoreceptors.

48
Q

Which of the following provide information about body position and movement?

A

Proprioceptors

49
Q

Which of the following is a photoreceptor that is specialized for dim light and enables us to see shapes and movement as well as discriminate between different shades of light and dark?

A

Rods

50
Q

What is the primary receptor used in night vision?

A

Rods

51
Q

Which photoreceptor is specialized for color vision?

A

Cones

52
Q

Electrical signals generated by the photoreceptors are sent to the brain via the:

A

b) optic nerve

53
Q

An individual whose dominant eye is opposite that of his or her dominant hand is considered

A

cross dominant

54
Q

The rate at which a retinal image enlarges is directly related to the speed of an object’s approach and is indicative of

A

a) time to contact

55
Q

Which of the following sends a signal to the CNS indicating how much and how fast a muscle’s length is changing?

A

c) Muscle spindles

56
Q

Which of the following proprioceptors are found at the junction of the tendon and the muscle?

A

b) Golgi tendon organs

57
Q

Information is taken from the receptors to the CNS by:

A

afferent nerves.

58
Q

Which area of the brain is responsible for higher brain functions?

A

c) Cerebral cortex

59
Q

The area of the brain that plays a key role in the maintenance of posture and balance is the

A

d) cerebellum.

60
Q

Which of the following enables a performer to make, executes, and evaluates strategic and movement decisions?

A

Both A and B

61
Q

Which visual pathway functions at a sub-conscious level?

A

d) Ambient system

62
Q

Which visual pathway functions to identify objects primarily located in the central region of the visual field?

A

Focal system

63
Q

The visual system that a mountain biker would use to identify changes in the trail or to perceive a rider in front of him or her is the:

A

c) focal system.

64
Q

The __________ system serves both central and peripheral visual fields.

A

Ambient system

motor Learning (1 decks)

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