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Unit 2 > Motor Development 1 (10/21b) [Biomedical] > Flashcards

Motor Development 1 (10/21b) [Biomedical] Flashcards

1
Q

Developmental Domains

A

Sensory

Cognitive

Motor (fine and gross)

Communication

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2
Q

Gestational Age

A

time from last menstrual date of mother to time of birth

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3
Q

Postmenstrual Age

A

time from the menstrual date of mother until date of assessment

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4
Q

Chronological Age

A

time from birth to date of assessment

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5
Q

Adjusted/Corrected Age

A

time from expected delivery date to date of assessment

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6
Q

Full Term vs Preterm Gestation

A

FULL TERM
37-42 weeks gestation (usually not allowed past 42 wks in US)

PRETERM
<37 weeks gestation

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7
Q

Neonate

A

GROSS

  • Physiological flexion
  • Reflexive movements

FINE

  • Involuntary
  • Limited ability to self-soothe
  • Dependent for feeding

COMMUNICATION
- Cries to communicate needs

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8
Q

0-3 Months

A

GROSS

  • Turns head to clear airway
  • Increased ability to lift head and head control
  • Increasing ROM, but still flexion

FINE

  • Hand to mouth
  • Visual regard
  • Decreasing arm flexion
  • Involuntary release

COMMUNICATION

  • Cries to communicate needs
  • Bonding with caregivers
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9
Q

3-6 Months

A

GROSS

  • Rolling emerges (prone to supine first)
  • Good head control in supported sit (independent ~ 5 mo)
  • Positive traction with pull to sit
  • Props on forearms
  • Antigravity kicking

FINE

  • Hands to midline, purposeful reaching
  • Can grasp a toy
  • May bring hands to feet
  • Improving ability to self-soothe
  • Weightbearing through the hands

COMMUNICATION

  • Cries to communicate needs, but increased vocalizations
  • Smiles
  • Laughs
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10
Q

7-9 Months

A

GROSS

  • Belly crawling → creeping on hands/knees
  • Improved sitting balance reactions
  • Sit with trunk rotation

FINE

  • Consistent self feeding
  • Bimanual play in sitting
  • Improved grasp patterns and dexterity

COMMUNICATION

  • Increasing repertoire of sounds
  • Responds to name and “no”
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11
Q

10-12 Months

A

GROSS

  • Pulling to stand and cruising on furniture
  • Emerging independent standing
  • Some children walking

FINE

  • Improving release and in-hand manipulation
  • Can use a cup
  • Practices with a spoon
  • Pokes a toy to manipulate cause-effect

COMMUNICATION

  • Vocalizations are consistent for certain items/needs
  • Repetitive consonant combinations, emerging words
  • Can provide an object when asked
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12
Q

12-18 Months

A

GROSS

  • Walking
  • Transitioning floor to stand
  • Altering speed without loss of balance
  • Time since ambulation more indicative of function and quality of movement than age is

FINE

  • Controlled release of an object
  • Trap a ball and roll a ball back (sitting)
  • Self feeding and use of utensils
  • Holds a crayon in a fist (thumb up) and scribble

COMMUNICATION

  • Understands simple requests
  • Identifies 3+ body parts
  • Separation distress
  • About 10-15 words
  • Receptive > Expressive language
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13
Q

18-24 Months

A

GROSS

  • Increased development of gait pattern
  • Emerging run
  • Stair mobility: creep → standing with railing/holding hand

FINE
- Improving grip with drawing tools

COMMUNICATION

  • Two part commands
  • Understands multiword combination
  • 50 to 200 words
  • Says “no” more often
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14
Q

2 Years

A

GROSS
- Negotiates stairs with marking time pattern → ascending with alternating feet

FINE

  • Holds crayon in fingers
  • Vertical and horizontal stroke are imitated

COMMUNICATION

  • Two part phrases
  • 250+ words
  • Respond to another child who is upset
  • Pretend play
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15
Q

3 Years

A

GROSS

  • Descends stairs with alternating pattern
  • Consistent jumping

FINE

  • Assisted tooth brushing
  • Donning/doffing clothes
  • Can draw a circle

COMMUNICATION

  • Complete sentences emerge
  • Improving grammar and syntax
  • May use physical aggression > verbal if upset/frustrated
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16
Q

4 Years

A

GROSS

  • Hops
  • Gallops consistently
  • Emerging skip
  • Overhand throw with rotation

FINE

  • Cuts with scissors
  • Copies a square and crossed line
  • Emerging use of buttons
  • Copies letters and may reverse some

COMMUNICATION

  • Poses questions
  • Recognizes written name and letters
  • Correct word arrangement to negate a term
17
Q

5 Years

A

GROSS

  • Inconsistent jumping jacks
  • Emerging forward roll
  • Can complete an obstacle course
  • May still need help on swings
  • Rides a bike

FINE

  • Dynamic tripod grasp
  • Improving writing endurance
  • Transition from structured line cues to free writing in class

COMMUNICATION
- May understand some words spelled aloud

18
Q

6 Years

A

GROSS

  • Skips
  • Rides a bike without training wheels
  • Can rollerskate

FINE
- Can don a coat and zip it without assistance to start the zipper

COMMUNICATION
- Understands humor and homonyms

19
Q

Positioning for Milestones

A 
Prone
Supine
Sitting
Standing
Floor to Stand
20
Q

Milestones - Prone

A

Step 1 is tolerance, since they are used to sleeping supine

Ability to turn head and clear airway

Cervical extension (45 deg by 2 months, 90 deg by 4 months)

Prone prop onto forearms

Rolling prone to supine

Prone pivot

Swimming movements

Prone on extended arms (hands and knees)

Belly crawling

Creeping on hands and knees

21
Q

Milestones - Supine

A

Physiological flexion

Maintains head in midline

Hands to midline (3-4 months)

Hands to knees then feet

Feet to mouth

Pull to sit without head lag, volitional control

Rolling supine to prone

22
Q

Milestones - Sitting

A

Dependent for head and trunk control

Supported with rounded spine (2-3 months), (+) head control

Prop sitting (4-5 months)

Sitting with hands free (5-6 months) — initially with wide BOS, then decreases

Sitting and reaching unilaterally

Sitting with bimanual play

Sitting with trunk rotation

Independently transitions into and out of sitting

23
Q

Milestones - Standing

A

Reflexive standing and stepping

Positive weight acceptance (4 months +)

Pull to stand, but can’t eccentrically control descent

Stands at external support surface

Cruising

Standing with 1, then 2 hands free in high guard

Static standing and assisted walking

Independent walking

Independently transitions floor to stand without external support surface

24
Q

Milestones - Floor to Stand

A

Pull to stand

Floor to stand through 3-point or bear stance

Floor to stand through ½ kneel with upper extremity support

Floor to stand through ½ kneel with hands free

May still have a preferred method of transferring through ½ kneel or a dominant manner of transferring

Unit 2 (27 decks)

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