Motor Control Part 3: Control of Normal Mobility Flashcards
What are the 3 essential requirements for successful locomotion?
Progression
Postural control (stability)
Adaptation
Progression is:
Successfully moving the body in the desired direction.
Requires the ability to initiate and terminate locomotion
What are two major phases of the gait cycle?
Swing and Stance phases.
What is mobility?
The ability to independently and safely move oneself from one place to another.
What is adaptation?
The ability to change gait.
What percentage of the human gait cycle are the stance and swing phases respectively?
Stance: 60%
Swing: 40%
(10% is in double support –> at very end and very beginning of stance)
What is the swing phase?
When the foot leaves the ground until initial contact with the floor.
What is the stance phase?
Stance starts when the foot strikes the ground and lasts until the foot is entirely off the ground. (Stance is the heal strike until the toes come up.)
What are the 3 goals of stance phase?
- Stabilizing limb for wt acceptance
- Shock absorption (knee flx)
- Propelling oneself for continued motion
What are the 3 sub phases of the swing phase?
Initial Swing
Midswing
Terminal Swing
What are the 5 sub phases of the stance phase?
Initial Contact Loading Response Midstance Terminal Stance Preswing
What is step length?
The distance from one foot strike to the foot strike of the OTHER foot. Is not an entire cycle.
What is stride length?
The distance covered from heel strike to heel strike of the SAME foot.
What region of the brainstem is important for locomotion?
Mesencephalic locomotor region.
Do you need an external stimulus to elicit locomotion at the decerebrate or decorticate level?
Decerebrate. (The spinal cord, brainstem, and cerebellum are in tact).
Equilibrium is controlled during locomotion in what two ways?
- Reactively
2. Proactively
True or False: During complex movements, postural control is not organized from the support surface upward
True. It is organized in a top down fashion.
What are proactive strategies for modifying gait?
Adaptive: Walking faster/slower. Shifting weight.
Avoidance: Stepping around an object. Changing direction or stopping.
All mobility tasks share 3 essential requirements:
- Motion in a desired direction
- Postural control
- Ability to adapt to changes in the task & environment
Is a spin turn a turn towards the front or the back foot?
The front foot. A step turn is a turn towards the back foot.
Which is more common, a step turn or a spin turn?
Step turns are more common, but either are acceptable.
What is the swing phase of stair ascent?
The “swing phase” of stair climbing is foot clearance and foot placement.
How many phases are there in a sit to stand motion, and which phase is the least stable?
There are 4 phases, and phase 2 is the least stable.
True or False: There are clear movement patterns used by people to rise from bed.
False.
Falls and accompanying injuries are the ____th leading cause of death in people over the age of _______.
7th; 75.
Older adults tend to minimize the _______ body displacement during sitting down, perhaps to decrease risk of _____ disequilibrium.
Forward; anterior.
At ages 67, 74, and 80, what happens to certain aspects of the gait cycle?
At age 67, patients exhibit a longer stance time.
At age 74, patients exhibit a wider stride during gait.
At age 80, patients exhibit a toe out during gait.
