Motor Control of Gait

Question 1

How do you achieve progression?

Answer 1

• Basic locomotor pattern
• Go from one point to the next

Question 2

Requirements of gait

Answer 2

• Progression, postural control, adaptation

Question 3

Stance phase

Answer 3

60% of gait cycle (foot’s on the ground)

Question 4

Swing phase

Answer 4

40% of gait cycle (limb advancement)

Question 5

What’s the purpose of initial contact and loading response?

Answer 5

Weight acceptance

Question 6

Objective of initial contact

Answer 6

Position limb to start stance

Question 7

Objective of loading response

Answer 7

Shock absorption, weight-bearing stability

Question 8

What occurs within single limb support?

Answer 8

Mid stance, terminal stance

Question 9

Objective of mid stance

Answer 9

Progress over stationary foot, trunk stability

Question 10

Objective of terminal stance

Answer 10

Progress beyond supporting foot

Question 11

What is the purpose of the swing periods?

Answer 11

Limb advancement

Question 12

Objective of pre-swing

Answer 12

Position limb for swing

Question 13

Objective of initial swing

Answer 13

Foot clearance

Question 14

Objective of mid swing

Answer 14

limb advancement & foot clearance

Question 15

Objective of terminal swing

Answer 15

Finish limb advancement, prepare for stance

Question 16

What occurs within double support?

Answer 16

• Initial contact, loading response
• Pre-swing (double support II)

Question 17

Cadence

Answer 17

steps/unit of time

Question 18

How do we quantify gait

Answer 18

Temporal/distance factors, kinematics, kinetics, muscle activation patterns

Question 19

Temporal/distance factors

Answer 19

cadence, step length, stride length

Question 20

What body movements do we look at in kinematics of gait?

Answer 20

• Plantar/dorsiflexion & in/eversion of ankles
• Flexion/extension of knee
• Flexion/extension, ab/adduction, in/external rotation of hip

Question 21

Inertial Measurement Units

Answer 21

Attaches to body segment to estimate movement

Question 22

Muscle activation for postural control and progression

Answer 22

• Postural control: eccentric contraction of quads, tibialis ant. at initial stance
• Progression: concentric contraction of plantar flexors at end of stance phase

Question 23

What does the mesencephalic locomotor region help with?

Answer 23

Weight support, active propulsion

Question 24

What does the cerebellum help with?

Answer 24

modulate step cycle

Question 25

What does the basal ganglia help with?

Answer 25

initiation and termination of movement

Question 26

What does the primary visual cortex help with?

Answer 26

send sensory info to motor cortex

Question 27

When do we utilize reactive strategies?

Answer 27

unexpected disturbances

Question 28

When do we utilize proactive strategies?

Answer 28

expected disturbances

Question 29

What are examples of proactive strategies?

Answer 29

• Avoidance: sensory info used to modify gait
• Accomodation: long term