Motor Control & Movement System

Question 1

Name the two parts of the ICF model.

Answer 1

1. Functioning and disability
2. Contextual factors

Question 2

What are the components and constructs of functioning and disability?

Answer 2

Components look at the impairments of body structure/function in relation to the movement system (activities, participation, life areas, like learning, general task demands, mobility, self-care)

Constructs examines changes in the body functions and structures and how they affect the capacity (task in standard enviro) and performance (task in current enviro)

Question 3

ICF contextual components look at _______ factors and personal factors (internal influence on functioning and disability)

Answer 3

environmental (external influence on functioning and disability )

Question 3

ICF contextual constructs reviews environmental constructs (physical, social, and attitudinal factors- examples are products used, tech used, mobility, transportation, home environment, terrain, and climate) and __________ constructs

Answer 3

personal (impacts of age, education, experience, character, socioeconomic status, other comorbidities, diet/exercise)

Question 4

These 3 aspects encompass the biopscyhological model:

Answer 4

Biology, social, and psychological aspects of the person

Question 4

The ability to regulate or direct mechanisms essential to movement is _____________

Answer 4

Motor control

Question 5

Anatomical structures and physiologic functions of a collection of systems which include the CV, pulmonary, endocrine, integumentary, nervous, and musculoskeletal that interact to move the body or its parts makes up the _________________ __________.

Answer 5

Movement system

Question 6

This theory proposes that movement can emerge from interacting elements (nervous, muscoloskeletal, and forces of gravity and inertia) w/o need for specific commands or motor programs from the nervous system (principle of self-organization). Looks at nonlinear behavior in which the output is not proportional to the input (animal speed increase via walk, trot, run). Movement focuses on individual, environment, and task and their interaction resulting in movement behavior.

Answer 6

Dynamic systems theory

Question 7

What are three stages of Fitts & Posners 3 stage model?

Answer 7

Cognitive where they focus on what to do and require a high degree of attention, associative where they look for the best strategy and become more consistent, and autonomous or they become automatic with the skill and low degree of attention is required.

Question 8

What is the recall schema?

Answer 8

It’s selects a specific response to the initial movement conditions. Each movement gives feedback to the nervous system between the parameter and the outcome which creates a new rule for the motor program.

Question 9

What is the recognition schema?

Answer 9

It evaluates the response and a person creates expected sensory consequences and adjust accordingly based on sensory input from each movement.

Question 10

What are the three stages of Bernstein’s three-stage approach (mastering degrees of freedom)?

Answer 10

Novice stage or degrees of freedom are reduced, advanced age where a person releases more degrees of freedom by allowing movement and more joints involved in the task, in the expert stage when all degrees of freedom are released to perform the task

Question 11

What is Gentiles two-stage model?

Answer 11

Stage 1 goal of the learner is develop and understanding of the task dynamics such as requirements of movement and environmental demands. Stage 2 the goal is to refine the movement develop capability to adapt the movement to changing task and environmental demands and perform it consistently and efficiently.

Question 12

What are the 10 principles of neuroplasticity?

Answer 12

Use it or lose it, use it and improve it, specificity, intensity matters, repetition matters, time matters, salience matters (functionally relevant), age matters, transference and interference.

Question 13

What sort of practice and environment should be used in the cognitive stage of learning?

Answer 13

Use distributed practice for complex or long tasks use parts to hold breakdown in the environment should mostly be closed.

Question 14

What sort of practice, feedback, and environment should be used in the associative stage of learning?

Answer 14

Practice should be variable and consistent. Provide variable feedback (summed, fading, bandwidth), avoid excessive augmented feedback, provide knowledge of performance and have environment progressing towards changing and more open

Question 15

What sort of practice and feedback and environment should be provided in the autonomous stage of learning?

Answer 15

Practice should be masked with high levels of practice in a variable environment and variable tasks.

Question 16

What are two ways for task oriented examination of a patient?

Answer 16

1. Examining functional activity and participation by measuring participation, looking at clinical measures of function, and applying appropriate tests and measures. 2. Examining at the strategy level looks at task performance depending on the demands of the task, the clients desire to achieve it the client’s mental and physical capacity, the client’s strategy to meet the demands of the task in the client’s ability to choose the most efficient strategy for a task.

Question 17

Where does the vertical line fall in normal postural alignment?

Answer 17

Mastoid process, appoint just in front of the shoulder joints in the hip joints or just behind them, a point just in front of the center of the knee joints and a point just in front of the ankle joints.