Motor Control / Motor Skill

Question 0

Motor control (shumway)

Answer 0

Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

Question 1

Motor control (Schmidt)

Answer 1

An area of dealing with the understanding of the neural, physical, & behavioral aspects of movement

Question 2

Motor control (horak)

Answer 2

Ability of the CNS to use current & previous info to coordinate effective & efficient functional movement by transforming neural energy into kinetic energy

Question 3

Motor control (brooks)

Answer 3

Name given to the functions of the mind and body that govern posture and movement

Question 4

3 factors within the individual that constrain movement?

Answer 4

Perception
Cognition
Action

Question 5

Perception

Answer 5

Meaningfulness

The integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful info

Question 6

Perception requires

Answer 6

Peripheral sensory mechanisms

Higher level processing

Question 7

Higher level processing

Answer 7

• interpretation and meaning of incoming afferent info

- integration with past experiences and knowledge

Question 8

Perception provides info about

Answer 8

• the body, its motion, its capabilities, limitations

- features of the environment

Question 9

Features of the environment that…

Answer 9

• help define the nature of any activity performed, the goal of a purposeful task
• are critical to build in when planning or performing a movement especially if the movement is aimed at achieving a task goal

Question 10

Cognition

Answer 10

Includes attention, planning, problem solving, motivation and emotional processing all contribute to deciding on the goal of an action

Question 11

Cognition plays a big role in

Answer 11

Determining what action(s) will be taken in response to a task goal. Those solutions are also highly dependent on past experience and personal habits/preferences

Question 12

Action

Answer 12

Refers to a specific instance where one performs some activity like walking, talking, sitting sleeping, carrying or throwing an object

Question 13

Goal-directed task

Answer 13

If one aims to achieve a specific goal or purpose thru and action

Question 14

A person’s movement behaviors reflects…

Answer 14

Their personal situation to achieving a task goal given the environmental context, their specific skills, abilities, habits, preferences, limitations, etc…

Question 15

Your job as a PT (related to movement behaviors)

Answer 15

Help people find new solutions to motor problems

Question 16

Task constraints on movement

Answer 16

The nature of a task in part regulates or constrains the type of movement used to achieve it

Question 17

How to classify tasks (4 classifications)

Answer 17

Discrete v continuous
Stability v mobility (of person, of object)
Manipulation of objects/surfaces/etc…
Open v closed

Question 18

Discrete task

Answer 18

Do it and done

Ex: kicking a ball picking up an object

Question 19

Continuous tasks

Answer 19

Not a finite end, that is up to the discretion of the person completing the task
Ex: running, driving, walking

Question 20

Stability tasks

Answer 20

Postural control

Question 21

Mobility tasks

Answer 21

COM moves

Question 22

Manipulation of objects/surfaces

Answer 22

How we interact with objects, introducing new levels of control, forces come into play here

Question 23

Open v closed tasks

Answer 23

How much variation you have to deal with in your environment

Question 24

Role of environment

Answer 24

- any object or surface the person comes into contact with will influence movement - sometimes objects regulate movement even when we don't contact them - regulatory or non-regulatory

Question 25

regulatory conditions

Answer 25

those features of the environment to which the movement must conform in order to achieve the task (size, shape, surface, direction, and/or speed of the object)

Question 26

non-regulatory conditions

Answer 26

background features of the environment which may affect performance but do NOT directly determine movement organization (background noise, visual or other distractions)

Question 27

4 categories/stages of motor skills

Answer 27

1 - transitional mobility 2 - static postural control (stability) 3 - dynamic postural control (controlled mobility) 4 - skill

Question 28

transitional mobility

Answer 28

-ability to move from one position to another independently and safely -ability to move body while maintaing postural control (rolling, supine to sit, sit to stand)

Question 29

pre-reqs for transitional mobility

Answer 29

ability to initiate movement, control movement, and terminate movement

Question 30

transitional mobility key elements for assessment

Answer 30

- initiation & control of movement - sensory, motor & cognitive strategies required for the task - overall coordination - movement termination - environmental constraints

Question 31

impairments in mobility

Answer 31

- failure to initiate or sustain movement thru the range | - poorly controlled movements

Question 32

static postural control (stability)

Answer 32

the ability to maintain postural stability & orientation when the body is not in motion with the COM over the BOS (developed in weight-bearing, anti-gravity positions)

Question 33

static postural control key elements for assessment

Answer 33

- BOS (narrow v wide) - position & stability of COM within BOS - degree of postural sway - degree of stabilization from UE/LE - number of episodes of loss of balance & direction - degree of external assist needed - fall risk

Question 34

impairments in static postural control

Answer 34

- failure to maintain steady body position - excessive postural sway - wide BOS - high guard position or handhold - loss of balance

Question 35

dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)

Answer 35

ability to maintain postural stability & orientation with the COM over the BOS while body parts are in motion (characterized by smooth, coordinated movements which can easily be reversed) ex: weight shifting/rocking

Question 36

dynamic postural control key elements for assessment

Answer 36

- degree of postural stability maintained by weight bearing segments - range & degree of control of dynamic movements - level & type of assist needed

Question 37

impairments in dynamic postural control

Answer 37

- failure to control posture during weight shifting or reaching tasks - loss of balance

Question 38

skill

Answer 38

- action done with a goal in mind - ability to consistently perform coordinated movement sequences for the purpose of investigation and interaction with physical & social environments

Question 39

consistent & efficient movements

Answer 39

- attain goal with economy of effort | - adapt movements to specific environments

Question 40

types of skills

Answer 40

locomotion manipulation communication -learned tasks that are a direct result of practice and experience

Question 41

skill key elements for assessment

Answer 41

- response orientation & direction of movements - precision, control & consistency of movements - control of movement speed and timing - economy of effort

Question 42

impairments in skill

Answer 42

- poorly coordinated movements | - lack of precision, control, consistency & economy of effort