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MA III > Motor Control / Motor Skill > Flashcards

Motor Control / Motor Skill Flashcards

0
Q

Motor control (shumway)

A

Ability to regulate or direct the mechanisms essential to movement

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1
Q

Motor control (Schmidt)

A

An area of dealing with the understanding of the neural, physical, & behavioral aspects of movement

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2
Q

Motor control (horak)

A

Ability of the CNS to use current & previous info to coordinate effective & efficient functional movement by transforming neural energy into kinetic energy

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3
Q

Motor control (brooks)

A

Name given to the functions of the mind and body that govern posture and movement

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4
Q

3 factors within the individual that constrain movement?

A

Perception
Cognition
Action

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5
Q

Perception

A

Meaningfulness

The integration of sensory impressions into psychologically meaningful info

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6
Q

Perception requires

A

Peripheral sensory mechanisms

Higher level processing

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7
Q

Higher level processing

A
  • interpretation and meaning of incoming afferent info

- integration with past experiences and knowledge

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8
Q

Perception provides info about

A
  • the body, its motion, its capabilities, limitations

- features of the environment

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9
Q

Features of the environment that…

A
  • help define the nature of any activity performed, the goal of a purposeful task
  • are critical to build in when planning or performing a movement especially if the movement is aimed at achieving a task goal
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10
Q

Cognition

A

Includes attention, planning, problem solving, motivation and emotional processing all contribute to deciding on the goal of an action

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11
Q

Cognition plays a big role in

A

Determining what action(s) will be taken in response to a task goal. Those solutions are also highly dependent on past experience and personal habits/preferences

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12
Q

Action

A

Refers to a specific instance where one performs some activity like walking, talking, sitting sleeping, carrying or throwing an object

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13
Q

Goal-directed task

A

If one aims to achieve a specific goal or purpose thru and action

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14
Q

A person’s movement behaviors reflects…

A

Their personal situation to achieving a task goal given the environmental context, their specific skills, abilities, habits, preferences, limitations, etc…

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15
Q

Your job as a PT (related to movement behaviors)

A

Help people find new solutions to motor problems

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16
Q

Task constraints on movement

A

The nature of a task in part regulates or constrains the type of movement used to achieve it

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17
Q

How to classify tasks (4 classifications)

A

Discrete v continuous
Stability v mobility (of person, of object)
Manipulation of objects/surfaces/etc…
Open v closed

18
Q

Discrete task

A

Do it and done

Ex: kicking a ball picking up an object

19
Q

Continuous tasks

A

Not a finite end, that is up to the discretion of the person completing the task
Ex: running, driving, walking

20
Q

Stability tasks

A

Postural control

21
Q

Mobility tasks

A

COM moves

22
Q

Manipulation of objects/surfaces

A

How we interact with objects, introducing new levels of control, forces come into play here

23
Q

Open v closed tasks

A

How much variation you have to deal with in your environment

24
Q

Role of environment

A
  • any object or surface the person comes into contact with will influence movement
  • sometimes objects regulate movement even when we don’t contact them
  • regulatory or non-regulatory
25
Q

regulatory conditions

A

those features of the environment to which the movement must conform in order to achieve the task (size, shape, surface, direction, and/or speed of the object)

26
Q

non-regulatory conditions

A

background features of the environment which may affect performance but do NOT directly determine movement organization (background noise, visual or other distractions)

27
Q

4 categories/stages of motor skills

A

1 - transitional mobility
2 - static postural control (stability)
3 - dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)
4 - skill

28
Q

transitional mobility

A

-ability to move from one position to another independently and safely
-ability to move body while maintaing postural control
(rolling, supine to sit, sit to stand)

29
Q

pre-reqs for transitional mobility

A

ability to initiate movement, control movement, and terminate movement

30
Q

transitional mobility key elements for assessment

A
  • initiation & control of movement
  • sensory, motor & cognitive strategies required for the task
  • overall coordination
  • movement termination
  • environmental constraints
31
Q

impairments in mobility

A
  • failure to initiate or sustain movement thru the range

- poorly controlled movements

32
Q

static postural control (stability)

A

the ability to maintain postural stability & orientation when the body is not in motion with the COM over the BOS (developed in weight-bearing, anti-gravity positions)

33
Q

static postural control key elements for assessment

A
  • BOS (narrow v wide)
  • position & stability of COM within BOS
  • degree of postural sway
  • degree of stabilization from UE/LE
  • number of episodes of loss of balance & direction
  • degree of external assist needed
  • fall risk
34
Q

impairments in static postural control

A
  • failure to maintain steady body position
  • excessive postural sway
  • wide BOS
  • high guard position or handhold
  • loss of balance
35
Q

dynamic postural control (controlled mobility)

A

ability to maintain postural stability & orientation with the COM over the BOS while body parts are in motion (characterized by smooth, coordinated movements which can easily be reversed)

ex: weight shifting/rocking

36
Q

dynamic postural control key elements for assessment

A
  • degree of postural stability maintained by weight bearing segments
  • range & degree of control of dynamic movements
  • level & type of assist needed
37
Q

impairments in dynamic postural control

A
  • failure to control posture during weight shifting or reaching tasks
  • loss of balance
38
Q

skill

A
  • action done with a goal in mind
  • ability to consistently perform coordinated movement sequences for the purpose of investigation and interaction with physical & social environments
39
Q

consistent & efficient movements

A
  • attain goal with economy of effort

- adapt movements to specific environments

40
Q

types of skills

A

locomotion
manipulation
communication
-learned tasks that are a direct result of practice and experience

41
Q

skill key elements for assessment

A
  • response orientation & direction of movements
  • precision, control & consistency of movements
  • control of movement speed and timing
  • economy of effort
42
Q

impairments in skill

A
  • poorly coordinated movements

- lack of precision, control, consistency & economy of effort

MA III (2 decks)

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