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DPT 1 - Fall Semester > Motor Control Exam 2 > Flashcards

Motor Control Exam 2 Flashcards

1
Q

When does the heel rocker take place in the gait cycle?

A

from initial contact to loading response

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2
Q

When does the ankle rocker take place?

A

from time of flat foot to heel rise

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3
Q

When does forefoot rocker take place?

A

lasts from heel rise until terminal stance (end of stance)

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4
Q

What is probe reaction time?

A

the time it takes for the individual to start their response to the signal

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5
Q

What does it mean if reaction time is slow?

A

the task is more difficult or complex for them

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6
Q

What do the cell phone studies test?

A

structural interference vs. capacity interference

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7
Q

What is structural interference?

A

physically interfering with what you are doing

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8
Q

How is gait variability affected when executive function declines?

A

gait variability increases

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9
Q

What happens to the timing of steps as cognitive functions decline?

A

timing of steps increases

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10
Q

When does the stepping reflex disappear and reappear according to Thelen?

A

disappears at about 2-3 months and reappears at about 10-12 months

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11
Q

Why are kids not able to walk until 10 to 18 months?

A

postural control

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12
Q

What does gait look like for toddlers?

A

a lot movement from left to right for balance, large BOS, and small step length

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13
Q

What are the 3 types of equilibriums for postural control?

A

Stable, unstable, and neutral

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14
Q

What is meant by a stable equilibrium?

A

a small displacement leads to an unbalanced force that tends to restore the object to the equilibrium location

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15
Q

What is meant by an unstable equilibrium?

A

a small displacement leads to an unbalanced force that further increases the displacement from the equilibrium?

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16
Q

What is meant by a neutral equilibrium?

A

an equilibrium at any location

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17
Q

What are the 4 components of balance?

A

center of mass, center of gravity, base of support, and center of pressure

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18
Q

What is center of pressure?

A

where the resultant forces are under you foot or wherever you are pushing off (ground reaction force)

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19
Q

When are COP and COM in the same location?

A

standing

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20
Q

Where should COP be during gait?

A

want COP on the foot that is going to swing before it swings

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21
Q

Why do you sway less when using your phone while standing?

A

less focused on swaying and more focused on using your phone

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22
Q

True or false: People usually do better when told to focus on their body rather than the task.

A

False

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23
Q

What are the 3 sensory systems in postural control?

A

visual, vestibular, somatosensory

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24
Q

Which of the 3 sensory systems for postural control is the least important?

A

vestibular

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25
Q

What is the vestibular system not good at detecting?

A

gravity

26
Q

What is the clinical test for sensory integration imbalance (CTSIB)?

A

taking sensory systems away to look at balance

27
Q

In the CTSIB, when did balance decrease?

A

when vision was taken away

28
Q

In the CTSIB, why did older people sway more when vision was taken away?

A

they are more reliant on vision

29
Q

Why do you sway more on a block of foam, even with eyes open?

A

the surface is less stable and the motor system is compromised

30
Q

When standing on a foam block, do you sway more with eyes open or closed?

A

eyes closed

31
Q

Does the block of foam change the somatosensory system?

A

no

32
Q

What are the components of the ankle strategy? (8 of them)

A

= used when perturbation is slow or has low amplitude
- contact surface is firm, wide, and longer than foot
- muscles recruited distal-to-proximal
- head movements in-phase with hips
- needs firm support surface
- could be argued to be a reflexive movement
- surface has to be longer than their foot

33
Q

What are the components of the hip strategy? (4 of them)

A
  • used when perturbation is fast or has large amplitude
  • surface is unstable or shorter than feet
  • muscles recruited proximal-to-distal
  • head movement out-of-phase with hips
34
Q

What are the components of the stepping strategy? (3 of them)

A
  • used to prevent a fall
  • used when perturbations are fast or large amplitudes
  • used when other strategies fail
  • body moves to “catch up with” base of support
35
Q

What are the 3 controls theories?

A

motor programs, muscles synergies, and feedback control

36
Q

What are the clinical implications for using the 3 control theories?

A

training the whole system (don’t use only one theory within your rehab, rather combine the 3 theories)

37
Q

In the vestibular system, how many degrees of freedom are there for acceleration?

A

6

38
Q

How can you stimulate somatosensory perturbation?

A

move the floor underneath you

39
Q

Can you respond faster to somatosensory information or visual information?

A

somatosensory

40
Q

Do we end up using somatosensory or visual information more often?

A

visual

41
Q

Why are older adults more reliant on vision?

A

vestibular and somatosensory systems are not good enough (not developed or declined)

42
Q

Why does placing one finger on a stable surface improve your balance when standing tandem with your eyes closed?

A

provides proprioceptive input

43
Q

True or false: putting your body weight through the finger that is on the stable surface will improve your balance.

A

false

44
Q

Why is muscle emg more active when you are not touching the stable surface?

A

you are not able to make corrections earlier

45
Q

True or false: canes provide proprioceptive input.

A

true

46
Q

When is reaction time the fastest, during sitting or standing?

A

sitting, because it takes less effort to sit rather than to stand

47
Q

When is reaction time the fastest, when standing one 2 feet or 1 foot?

A

2 feet

48
Q

What is open-loop phase of an aim or reach?

A

movement you make without any feedback involved

49
Q

What is closed-loop phase during aim or reach?

A

movement you make with feedback involved

50
Q

What pathway controls the closed-loop phase?

A

corticospinal pathways

51
Q

What pathways control the open-loop phase?

A

extra pyramidal pathways

52
Q
A
53
Q

True or false: the closed-loop is present during a movement with the eyes closed.

A

false

54
Q

Is closed-loop or open-loop more difficult to get back?

A

closed loop

55
Q

Is the wine glass effect a cerebrum issue?

A

no, it is a cerebellar and spinal cord issue

56
Q

If there is a stroke in the right hemisphere, what hand will power grip be lost on?

A

left hand

57
Q

What does Hick’s law deal with?

A

reaction time

57
Q

If there is a stroke in the right hemisphere, the pincer grip is lost in what hand?

A

both the left and right hand

58
Q

What does Fitt’s law deal with?

A

movement time

59
Q

What is reaction time a measure of?

A

brain processing speed

60
Q
A

DPT 1 - Fall Semester (3 decks)

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