Motor Control 1

Question 1

Motor learning is a ____ component

Answer 1

behavioral

Question 2

Motor learning emphasizes

Answer 2

brains role in acquiring, planning, initiating, and modifying movement

Question 3

Motor control is a ____ component

Answer 3

physiological

Question 4

Motor control is the

Answer 4

interaction of the CNS, PNS, and musculoskeletal systems that execute movement and monitor/integrate sensory info

Question 5

What are the underlying assumptions

Answer 5

• interaction of central or peripheral control mechanisms

- what variables determine the organization of control

Question 6

What is coordination?

Answer 6

patterning of head/body/limbs relative to patterning of environment and objects

Question 7

Degrees of freedom

Answer 7

describes the number of ways in which a given unit is capable of moving

• related to number of joints moving
• number of muscles activated
• ex. # of joints needed to pick up coffee

Question 8

Usually are you limited to just one-to-one correspondence between a task and motor solution?

Answer 8

No, multiple ways to do most tasks

-use different trajectories, accelerations etc

Question 9

How could you lose df’s

Answer 9

stroke
spinal fusion
surgery

Question 10

Open loop (feed-forward) is what type of strategy?

Answer 10

Top-down control strategy
-downplays accessibility or need for feedback in initiation and execution of the movement
-

Question 11

Close loop (feedback)

Answer 11

explains movement as oucome of feedback-initiated reflex actions and pre-patterned neural systems

Question 12

what kind of skills are best for closed loop?

Answer 12

continuous tasks

Question 13

What kind of skills are best for open loop?

Answer 13

discrete

-throwing darts you dont need feedback during the task you just need to know after so you can adjust

Question 14

Open loop is more about feeding forward because….

Answer 14

you need to be able to know how to throw the dart before you throw it. ability to predict

Question 15

With a novice or expert who is more open or closed?

Answer 15

novice needs more closed (more feedback)

expert needs more open (less feedback) (well established movement pattern)

Question 16

Two level hierarchy

Answer 16

executive

effectors

Question 17

What is executive in the two level hierarchy?

Answer 17

command center generates action plan that contains all necessary info to complete motor response

Question 18

What is effectors in the two level hierarchy?

Answer 18

muscles and limbs; carry out command without modification

Question 19

What is the role of feedback in open-loop control?

Answer 19

• feedback constant but too late to adjust
• cant adjust on the fly
• feedback received can only be used to modify future attempts

Question 20

Best environment for open-loop control

Answer 20

stable, predictable envrionment where need for modification is low

Question 21

What type of movements are open loop short duration movements every day

Answer 21

speech; cant change once it comes out

Question 22

Closed loop control system- command center

Answer 22

Command center needs only to generate action plan to initiate movement

Question 23

Sensory feedback in closed loop is…

Answer 23

continually compared to desired movement

• constant
• discrepancies sent back to command center for correction

Question 24

Which content is more full command?

Answer 24

open loop

Question 25

Which content is more command to initiate with ability to adjust on the fly?

Answer 25

closed loop