Motivational Interviewing [COMPLETE] Flashcards
What are the three categories of factors that contribute to health and wellbeing?
Biological
Social
Psychological
What are some biological factors that contribute to health and wellbeing? (4)
Genetics
Physiological - viruses, bacteria, lesions
Neurochemistry
Medication
What are some psychological factors that contribute to health and wellbeing? (4)
Beliefs
Stress
Coping
Emotions and attitudes
What are some social factors that contribute to health and wellbeing? (5)
Family
Peers
Relationships
Culture
Socioeconomic status
Why is promoting change important for pharmacists?
Promotes good health and can affect the success of treatment
What is the ‘righting reflex’?
Just telling someone to change without supporting them
What does successful change involve?
- Realising change is needed
- Believing that change can be successful
- Believing that one is capable of change
- Being ready, willing and able
What is ambivalence?
Feeling two ways about something. E.g. knowing drinking is harmful but drinking because it makes you feel relaxed
What can help people get unstuck from their ambivalence?
Brief communications using the right approach
What are the two key aims of motivational interviewing?
1 Building the patients intrinsic motivation to adopt health recommendations
2 Resolving a patients ambivalence about behaviour change
What is the RULE acronym?
R - RESISTING THE RIGHTING REFLEX
U - UNDERSTANDING THE CLIENT’S MOTIVATIONS
L - LISTENING TO THE CLIENT
E - EMPOWERING THE CLIENT
What are the four main communication methods used in motivational interviewing? (OARS)
O - Open- ended questions
A - Affirmations
R - Reflective listening
S - Summary statements
What are the benefits of open ended questions? (4)
- Opens up conversations
- Creates rapport
- Helps gather information
- Explores previous attempts to change behaviour and focuses on ambivalence
What are affirmations?
Statements of appreciation that acknowledges their effort to make change and empowers them
What is reflective listening?
Listening to the patient then
- Repeating
- rephrasing
- reframing them into an affirmation
- reflecting empathetically
What is the benefit of summarising?
Summaries are LONGER than reflective listening statements.
Can help to transition to other topics
Can highlight both sides of ambivalence
Provide a moment to recap at strategic points to ensure understanding
What is Change talk?
getting a patient ready to make a change by exploring their feelings, where ambivalence may be and what their motivations for change might be
What is DARN CATS in Change talk?
D - Desire: preference for change
A - Ability
R - Reasons: specific arguments for change/internal motivations
N - Need: why is change important
C - Commitment: willingness to change “I am going to….”
A - Actuation: Willingness to change “I am ready to do this.”
Taking Steps: Action taken
What can we discuss to encourage Change talk? (4)
Disadvantages of the status quo: summarise
Advantages of change - affirm
Ability to change - support
Intention to change - action planning
Goal setting using SMART?
Specific
Measurable
Achievable - not making a huge change straightaway
Relevant
Time
Session protocol for motivational interviewing? (10)
Opening statement
Establish and build rapport
Assess current behaviours
Reflect and summarise
Affirmations
Assess readiness to change
Elicit change talk
Information exchange - TAILOR TO PATIENT
Goal setting, action planning
Close and schedule follow up
