motivation theories

Question 1

Taylor

Answer 1

scientific approach, meaning the same approach can be replicated. workers would be paid via piece rate

Question 2

Mayo

Answer 2

Mayo’s research pointed out that psychological factors are also important,
a sense of recognition is important to an employee, the workplace is a social system and people like to work in groups, communication with managers impacts productivity, employees respond to changes in the working environment, such as light

Question 3

McClelland’s believed each employee had one of the three dominant needs, which are:

Answer 3

power
affiliation
achievement

Question 4

according to McClelland, a employee with a power need :

Answer 4

likes to win arguments

wants to control and influence others

Question 5

according to McClelland, a employee with a achievement need :

Answer 5

takes calculated risks to accomplish their goals

likes to receive regular feedback on their progress and achievements

Question 6

according to McClelland, a employee with a affiliation need :

Answer 6

favours collaboration over competition

doesn’t like high risk or uncertainty

Question 7

Vroom believed that to work out the motivational force of an employee, you must work out

Answer 7

expectancy (i.e. whether the employee thinks they can complete the task) X instrumentality ( the belief a valued outcome will be received) X valence ( the value of the reward to the employee)

Question 8

the two factors of Herzberg’s “two factor theory” are:

Answer 8

motivating, such as job enrichment, praise and recognition
hygiene, such as pay and working conditions (Herzberg believed that without hygiene factors there was dissatisfaction, but with them they don’t motivate employees. they’re what employees expect there to be)

Question 9

Maslow hierarchy of needs from top to bottom:

Answer 9

self actualisation eg training, promotions
esteem eg perks, bonuses
social eg staff room, activities
safety eg codes, cameras
physiological eg good pay, free lunch
build up from the bottom, cant skip out needs (i.e. have to meet safety to meet social)

Question 10

Drucker believed the most important asset to a business was:

Answer 10

employees, and manager should communicate objectives and set goals with the employee, decentralise and delayer the organisation, ensure rewards are shared fairly, and offer ongoing training.

Question 11

Locke’s goal setting theory included 5 principles needed when setting goals for employees:

Answer 11

clarity- specific/ clear
challenge- the level of difficulty
feedback- manager talks about progress
commitment- employee wants to do it
task complexity- make sure its not impossible or too hard, set smaller goals to meet the larger goal

Question 12

Peters

Answer 12

agreed with McGregor (theory X and Y), but saw that it wasn’t happening. Believed Taylors theory wasn’t effective