Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
Motivation
A process that influences the direction, persistence and vigor of goal-directed behavior
Instinct
An inherited characteristic, common to all members of a species, that automatically produces a particular response when the organism is exposed to a particular stimulus
Homeostasis
A state of internal physiological equilibrium that the body strives to maintain
Drives
States of internal tension that motivate an organism to behave in ways that reduce this tension
Learned helplessness
Learning that unpleasant stimuli cannot be avoided or controlled
Behavioral activation system (BAS)
Roused to action by signals of potential reward and positive need gratification
Behavioral inhibition system (BIS)
Responds to stimuli that signal potential pain, non-reinforcement and punishment
Incentives
Environmental stimuli that pull an organism towards a goal
Expectancy X value theory
Goal-directed behavior is jointly determined by the strength of the person’s expectation that particular behaviors will lead to a goal and by the incentive value the individual places on that goal
Extrinsic motivation
Performing an activity to obtain an external reward or avoid punishment
Intrinsic motivation
Performing an activity for its own sake
Self-actualization
The need to fulfill our potential
Self-transcendence
Moving beyond a focus on the self and committing oneself to the welfare of others, spiritual fulfillment and commitment to a cause higher than oneself
Self-determination theory
Focuses on three fundamental psychological needs: competence, autonomy, and relatedness
Need for competence
Reflects a human desire to master new challenges and to perfect skills
