Motivation & Emotion Flashcards
Emotion
Subjective feeling that includes arousal, cognition, and expression
Motivation
Set of factors that activate, direct, and maintain behaviour, usually toward a goal
Instincts
Fixed response patterns that are unlearned and found in almost all members of a species
Drive-reduction theory
Motivation begins with a psychological need (a deficiency) that elicits a drive toward behaviour that will satisfy original need. Once the need is met, state of balance is restored and motivation decreases
Homeostasis
Body’s tendency to maintain a relatively stable state
Arousal theory
Organisms are motivated to achieve and maintain an optimal level of arousal
Incentive theory
Motivation results from external stimuli that “pull” the organism in certain directions
Hierarchy of needs
Maslow’s theory that some motives (such as physiological and safety needs) must be met before going on to higher needs (such as belonging and self-actualization)
Anorexia Nervosa
Severe loss of weight resulting from self-imposed starvation and an obsessive fear of obesity
Bulimia Nervosa
Consuming large amounts of food (binging), followed by vomiting, extreme exercise, and/or laxative use (purging)
Achievement Motivation
Desire to excel, especially in competition with others
Amygdala
Area of the brain’s lymbic system involved in emotional response
James-Lange theory
Emotions result from physiological arousal and behavioural expression; “I feel sad because I’m crying”…each emotion is physically distinct
Cannon-Bard theory
Arousal, behaviour, and emotions occur simultaneously; in this view, all emotions are physiologically similar
Facial-Feedback hypothesis
Movement of facial muscles produce or intensify emotional reactions
