Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Org Psych > (motivation) Cognitive Theories > Flashcards

(motivation) Cognitive Theories Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main premise of cognitive theories regarding worker motivation?

A

Workers are rational beings, and cognitive assessment of personal costs and benefits determines their level of motivation.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What does Latham and Locke’s goal-setting theory emphasize for generating motivation?

A

Setting specific and challenging performance goals that are specific, clear, attainable, and quantifiable.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the acronym SMART stand for in goal-setting?

A
  • Specific
  • Measurable
  • Achievable
  • Relevant
  • Time bound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is meant by ‘Specific’ in SMART goals?

A

Goals that are well-defined, clear, and not too complex to understand.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is meant by ‘Measurable’ in SMART goals?

A

Goals that have specific criteria to track progress.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is meant by ‘Achievable’ in SMART goals?

A

Realistic goals that are not too hard and require available resources.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is meant by ‘Relevant’ in SMART goals?

A

How the goal fits in with wider life goals.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is meant by ‘Time bound’ in SMART goals?

A

Clearly defined start and end date with time needed to achieve the goal.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are the key components of Locke and Latham’s goal-setting theory?

A
  • Clarity
  • Challenge
  • Commitment
  • Feedback
  • Task complexity
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a critique of Latham and Locke’s goal-setting theory?

A

It is reductionist, focusing only on cognitive factors and ignoring other motivational influences.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How does Vroom’s expectancy theory of motivation define motivation?

A

Motivation is affected by an individual’s expectations about consequences and the rational weighing of costs and benefits.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the three key components of Vroom’s expectancy theory?

A
  • Valence
  • Instrumentality
  • Expectancy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What does ‘Valence’ refer to in Vroom’s expectancy theory?

A

The strength of an expected reward, including its size or type.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What does ‘Instrumentality’ refer to in Vroom’s expectancy theory?

A

Whether performance will lead to the expected outcome and if that outcome matches the effort.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What does ‘Expectancy’ refer to in Vroom’s expectancy theory?

A

Whether an individual possesses the skills or resources to perform the job.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

True or False: Vroom’s expectancy theory assumes people always make rational and conscious choices.

A

True.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What are extrinsic motivators?

A

Behaviors driven by external factors such as potential consequences of a task.

18
Q

What is a primary benefit of extrinsic motivators?

A

Workers can see direct, observable results of their behavior, increasing motivation.

19
Q

What is a drawback of extrinsic motivators?

A

They can lead to short-term motivation and potential burnout.

20
Q

What types of rewards are considered extrinsic motivators?

A
  • Pay
  • Bonuses
  • Profit sharing
  • Performance-related pay
21
Q

What evidence suggests that extrinsic motivators can increase motivation?

A

Yao (1997) found that productivity in Chinese State industries increased with bonuses.

22
Q

What evidence suggests that extrinsic motivators do not always increase motivation?

A

Fattorusso (2007) and Duffhues & Kabit (2008) showed no relationship between bonuses and performance.

23
Q

What are intrinsic motivators?

A

Behaviors driven by factors such as satisfaction from reaching a target or feeling valued.

24
Q

What types of recognition are considered intrinsic motivators?

A
  • Recognition
  • Praise
  • Respect
  • Empowerment
  • Sense of belonging
25
How does Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory relate to intrinsic motivation?
It asserts that autonomy, competence, and relatedness are necessary for intrinsic motivation.
26
What are the three basic needs according to Deci and Ryan’s self-determination theory?
* Autonomy * Relatedness * Competence
27
What is the impact of extrinsic rewards on intrinsic motivation according to Deci and Ryan?
Extrinsic rewards can decrease intrinsic motivation due to lack of self-motivation.
28
What did Landry et al. (2019) find regarding the presentation of rewards?
Rewards presented in an autonomy-supportive way lead to increased performance and intrinsic motivation.
29
What methodology was used in Landry et al.'s study?
Laboratory experiment with a sample of 123 student volunteers.
30
What was the main finding of Landry et al.'s study regarding psychological needs?
Higher psychological needs satisfaction predicted greater intrinsic motivation and performance.
31
What ethical considerations were taken into account in Landry et al.'s study?
Valid consent was obtained, confidentiality maintained, and no distress was reported.
32
What is a critique regarding the ecological validity of Landry et al.'s study?
The study was conducted in an artificial environment, limiting real-world applicability.
33
What does the individual vs situational explanation suggest in the context of motivation?
Motivation depends on how rewards are presented, and individual differences can also significantly affect it.
34
What is the impact of individual differences on motivation?
The same motivator may not work the same way for employees with different needs or perceptions of rewards. ## Footnote This is supported by Maslow's hierarchy of needs.
35
According to self-determination theory, what does motivation depend on?
Motivation depends on whether the organization addresses our important psychological needs. ## Footnote This theory emphasizes the role of psychological needs in motivating individuals.
36
What is a significant factor in how rewards are interpreted by individuals?
The way rewards are presented and how subjects interpret them. ## Footnote A manipulation check was conducted to control for participants' feelings and value perception of the reward.
37
What does reductionism suggest about performance?
Performance is dependent on self-determination and does not consider other factors such as personality, competence, experience, and age. ## Footnote This perspective may overlook the complexity of human behavior.
38
What is the difference between idiographic and nomothetic approaches?
Idiographic focuses on individual uniqueness, while nomothetic seeks general laws applicable to the general population. ## Footnote The text mentions an experimental methodology and questionnaires that lean towards the nomothetic approach.
39
What methodology is used to explore the effects of monetary rewards?
Experimental methodology and questionnaires are used to look for general laws. ## Footnote This approach does not account for individual uniqueness.
40
True or False: The same motivator works effectively for all employees.
False. ## Footnote Different employees have varying needs and perceptions.
41
Fill in the blank: According to Maslow, the same _______ may not work the same way for employees with different needs.
motivator

Org Psych (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions