Motivation and Engagement Flashcards
What’s the key difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation?
the key difference between intrinsic and extrinsic motivation:
- Intrinsic motivation: the reward itself is the reward itself
Ex: Singing, eating food, - Extrinsic motivation is when the reward is outside the activity
According to Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs, which needs should be met first:
Being or Deficiency needs?
Deficiency needs must be met first
We discover music we like and we will continue to look for more music to satisfy us… what type of Need is being satisfied?
Being Needs
How can educators make sure student’s needs are met?
We can do stuff in the classroom to make sure some of these are met:
Safety – keeping my classroom safe.
Belongingness & Love needs – how inclusive is my classroom? Is there any bullying? What can I do about it?
Describe whether Social Cognitive theories are intrinsic or extrinsic.
Social Cognitive theories are more Intrinsic than Extrinsic – it emphasizes beliefs about ourselves and others, and the beliefs are focused on the internal.
What is Bandura’s Self-Efficacy, or Task Specific Concept?
It is the Belief that one has the skills needed to complete a task
- My own belief that I have the skills to accomplish a task
What does Expectancy (Efficacy) X Value represent?
How can this help teachers?
Expectancy (efficacy) X value = Motivation
- Motivation is the individual’s Expectation of reaching a goal, the individual’s Value of the goal.
- Maybe a kid believes they don’t have the skills… or don’t see the value in it… This gives me as a teacher insight how to approach the kid.
Explain what Teacher Efficacy is
Teacher Efficacy – explains variance in student success
Teacher’s specific belief that s/he can effectively engage and promote learning in students
- High teacher efficacy is success with students
More motivated to connect with the students - If I don’t believe that I have the efficacy, I’m more likely to think there’s nothing I can do about the students
High efficacy = more persistence to get students engaged
Finish the sentence:
Subsequent motivation to study for an exam depends on…
Subsequent motivation to study for an exam depends on my beliefs about my successes and failures on previous similar tasks.
Define Attribution theory.
Describe the two different Attribution Theories:
Locus and Stability
> > Attributions: The reasons we give for our successes and failures
> Locus of Control: Determines whether something is internal or external?
Ex: Internal attributions: I didn’t get enough sleep, studied hard, sick
Ex: External attributions: Teacher hates me, test was hard, test wasn’t in book
> Stability: Is the cause likely to change?
If I attribute it to a stable characteristic, like “I’m a good test-taker” or “I’m just dumb, I’m a lucky person” that’s less likely to change
What is the difference between attributing failure to Ability vs. Effort?
- You can either change something or not depending on whether it’s viewed as Ability (internal and stable) or Effort (unstable and internal)
- Ability vs. Effort depends on Difference between Entity and Incremental views of intelligence/ ability
- Entity and Incremental has to do with Ability;
Entity is when you either got it or you don’t and if you have it, you can’t get more
Ex: Devastates self-esteem if you face a failure because you don’t believe that your intelligence can grow
- Incremental is when I believe my ability (or intelligence) is a set of skills that can be developed
When is a student most likely to get motivated to improve on a failure?
When their view of the failure is Incremental, internal, and unstable
How can we increase Incremental view?
Provide more Specific Feedback –
“You’re really good at sentence structure but you’re struggling in this area, so lets see what we can do to help you improve” vs. “you’re a good student (this is an entity)”.
What contributes to academic low vs. high self-esteem?
If I keep attributing my failures to internal and stable (my fault and I can’t change it), I’ll probably have a low academic self-esteem.
Internal and unstable will lead to higher academic self-esteem
Exam Question:
Alaina gets 70% on spelling test… she thinks she failed because last night, for the first and only time, her dogs were barking all night and kept her awake.
Which describes her attributions?
External-Unstable – because it’s outside of her control, and that only happened once…
What’s the difference between Mastery and Performance Orientation?
> Mastery Orientation - Students focus on the task rather than their ability
- Generate solution-oriented strategies
High need to achieve
> Performance Orientation - Students are concerned with the outcome rather than the process
- Preoccupied with themselves
High need to avoid failure (failure-avoiding)
What type of orientation does Sarah go toward:
Preoccupied with themselves (Ego-involved)
How others see me
My goal is to not look stupid
Performance orientation
Within each orientation, people can be either Approach or Avoidance focused; Describe the Following differences:
- Mastery Oriented - Approach Focus
- Mastery Oriented - Avoidant Focus
- Performance Oriented – Approach Focus
- Performance Oriented – Avoidant Focus
- Mastery Oriented - Approach Focus – Master task for Self-Improvement
- Mastery Oriented - Avoidant Focus– Goal is to avoid misunderstanding.
- Individuals don’t want to be wrong (because I feel bad for myself, not that others think about me).
- These people may look like perfectionists - Performance Oriented – Approach Focus – Goal is to win; be the best (evaluation of me compared to others)
- Performance Oriented – Avoidant Focus – Goal is to avoid losing; looking stupid
- Pretend they don’t care; get defensive
Which of the following would choose easy or extremely difficult tasks:
Performance Goals vs. Mastery/Learning Goals
Performance Goals
For students who are Performance goal oriented, Failure to attain goal is attributed to lack of ______ ; often ________ motivation
Failure to attain goal is attributed to lack of ability; often decreases motivation
- Unless they’ve already set-up their attributions ahead of time, their True Beliefs about themselves is that they lack the ability (with an Entity View)
For students who are Mastery/Learning goal oriented, Failure to attain goal is attributed to lack of ______ ; often ________ motivation
Failure to attain goal is attributed to lack of effort; can increase motivation
- If I think I failed because I didn’t try hard enough, and it’s internal and unstable, it’s something I can do something about
Students tend to give up easily or show poor performance when given a difficult task
Is this a trait of a Mastery/Learning Goal oriented student or Performance Goal oriented student?
Performance goal oriented student
What’s the difference between Failure Avoiding and Failure Accepting students?
- Failure avoiding: FEAR failure, unrealistic goals. They will choose either very easy or very difficult tasks
- Failure accepting: EXPECT failure, no goal-setting; If they keep failing, they will expect failure and not set any goals
