Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Psych 1H: Exam 1 > Motivation and Emotion > Flashcards

Motivation and Emotion Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Psychology 101 flashcards GRE® Psychology flashcards
1
Q

What is motivation?

A

A need or desire that energized and directs behavior towards a goal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is explicit motivation?

A

Your “stated” goals, desires, or needs that may affect your behavior

  • goals can be primed depending on your location or environment
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is implicit motivation?

A

Needs or desires that are unstated or “implied” by your behavior

  • breathing, eating
  • these goals are goals that you don’t focus on, but you still complete them
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are the 3 subcomponents of motivation?

A

Activation

  • state your new goals
  • initiating them

Persistence

  • regulate your behavior to work on the most important goal
  • the more persistence you have, the more likely you are to succeed

Intensity

  • what are the consequences if you fail?
  • e.g., losing weight to look good is much less intense than losing weight to prevent heart disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is evolutionary psychology (instinct theory)?

  • Charles Darwin and David Buss
A

Human behavior exhibits innate tendencies or instincts

Instincts - complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is Drive-Reduction Theory?

  • Dollard and Miller (1950)
A

The idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need

Need -> Drive -> Drive reduc. behavior
(Water) (Thirst) (Drinking)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Define incentive

A

A positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is Arousal Theory?

  • Berlyne 1960
A

Even when all our biological needs are met, we feel driven to experience stimulation.

  • we want to do exciting things
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What type of psychologist is Maslow?

A

Humanist

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What does Maslow’s Humanistic Theory of Motivation state?

  • 1954
A

He believed that we are always motivated to do something, and that these motivations are very complex.

He believed we are always growing towards self actualization.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the levels of Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs?

A

Self-Actualization

- self-fulfillment
- one's potential

Esteem (Higher)
- self esteem, confidence, achievements, freedom

Esteem (Lower)
- need to build recognition, status, reputation from others

Belonging and Love

- to affiliate with others 
- be accepted, give and receive attention

Safety

- feel secure and safe 
- seek pleasure, avoid pain

Physiological
- hunger, thirst

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What are deficit needs?

A

The ones below Esteem needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are Being needs?

A

Self actualization needs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

How did Maslow study self-actualization?

A

He analyzed the lives of people he thought were self-actualizing and came up with a list of common characteristics

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is Self-Determination Theory?

  • Deci and Ryan (2000)
A

There are 3 basic needs for optimal human functioning:

  1. Competence
    • feeling of mastery/success
  2. Autonomy
    • the need to ‘feel’ as though you have free will to do your life
  3. Relatedness
    • need to have affectionate relationships with others
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is intrinsic motivation vs extrinsic motivation?

A

Intrinsic

  • things I want to do
  • “I get to go to Disneyland!”

Extrinsic

  • things I need to do
  • “I have to do my math hw”
18
Q

What is emotion?

A

A response of the whole organism
- physiological arousal
> hearts race
> red in face with anger

Expressive behaviors
- pace might quicken or slow

Conscious experience
- thoughts and feelings

19
Q

What is James-Lange’s Theory of Emotion?

  • 1890
A

Experience of emotion is awareness oh physiological responses to emotion-arousing stimuli

E.g.,

  1. Car coming at you
  2. Heart starts pounding
  3. Express fear
20
Q

How was James-Lange’s Theory of Emotion tested?

A

Students watched cartoon with pencils in their mouths

  • Group holding pencil with teeth = smiling
    > enjoyed cartoon more
  • Group holding pencil with lips = frowning
    > enjoyed cartoon less
21
Q

What is Cannon-Bard’s Theory of Emotion?

  • 1927
A

Emotion-arousing stimuli simultaneously trigger

E.g., heart pounding and expression of fear happen at the same time

22
Q

What is Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory of Emotion?

  • 1962
A

We must label our physical arousal reactions before we experience the emotion

E.g., we label our heart pounding as “fear” when we see a car coming towards us

23
Q

What is Misattribution of Arousal?

A

When your physiological arousal from a previous event affects your emotional reactions in the current occurring event

24
Q

What two experiments demonstrate Schachter’s Two-Factor Theory?

A
  1. Participants injected with epinephrine, some informed and some not informed about side effects
  2. Participants forced to cross bridge, woman talks before bridge and on bridge (Dutton and Aron 1974)
25
Q

What is nonverbal communication?

A

Humans are innately programmed to project basic nonverbal facial expressions that are universally recognized

26
Q

What are Carroll Izard’s 10 basic emotions?

A 
Joy (happiness)
Interest (excitement)
Surprise 
Sadness 
Anger 
Disgust 
Contempt 
Fear 
Shame 
Guilt
27
Q

What are Paul Ekman’s 17 basic emotions?

A 
Anger
Disgust 
Fear 
Happiness 
Sadness 
Surprise 
Amusement 
Contempt 
Contentment 
Embarrassment 
Excitement 
Guilt 
Pride in achievement 
Relief 
Satisfaction 
Sensory pleasure 
Shame
28
Q

What is Subjective Well-Being?

A
  • Self perceived happiness or satisfaction with life
  • used along with measures of objective well being
    > physical and economic indicators evaluate people’s quality of life
29
Q

What are the characteristics of self-actualizers?

A
  • Reality centered
  • Problem centered
  • Different perception of means and ends (value stepping stones)
  • Enjoyed solitude
  • Enjoyed fewer, deeper personal relations
  • Enjoyed autonomy (independence)
  • Resisted enculturation (becoming part of a culture)
  • Unhostile sense of humor (laugh at themselves)
  • Strong acceptance of others
  • Spontaneous and simple
  • Human kinship / strong ethic
  • Freshness of appreciation
  • More peak experiences

Psych 1H: Exam 1 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions