Motivation and Emotin Flashcards
Biological Motives
Based on survival needs
Stimulus Motives
Express a need for information and stimulation
Learned Motives
Used to attain power, connect to others and achievement
Instinct Theory
Innate and consistent patterns of complex behavior performed the same way by every member of a species
- eating
- drinking
- finding shelter
- reproducing
Fixed Action Patterns
Instinctual behaviors that must be completed once started
Evolutionary Psychology
A Psychological approach that tries to explain mental and physical traits (memory, language, perception, personality) as adaptions to the environment
Drive Reduction Theory
suggest humans are motivated by needs, drives, responses and goals
Need
An internal deficiency that creates a drive
Drive
An energized emotional state that pushes on toward a response; hunger is an internal need; this creates a drive to reduce that hunger by eating.
Primary Drives
Drives Associated with survival
Secondary Drives
Drives that help us resolve primary drives
Incentive Theory
“Pulling” behaviors. External.
- Social Forces
- Cash/Money
- Romantic Relationships
- Exhilarating experiences
- Fame/Infamy
Arousal Theory
People and animals are motivated to perform in order to maintain a desired level of physiological arousal.
- If arousal is too high, people will be motivated to relax.
- If arousal is too low, people will be motivated to seek simulation
The Yerkes-Dodson Law
Developed by Robert Yerkes and John Dodson and explains optimal arousal and performance
Self-Actualization Theory
Supported by psychologist of the Humanistic Approach
HUMANISM- believes that all people have a desire to grow and become better versions of ourselves; the most positive perspective of psychology
Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs
Maslow said that the needs must be met and must be met in order, you cant simply “jump” ahead on the steps of the pyramid. Although needs don’t need to be met 100% to move on. All people are capable of becoming self actualized, but fewer than 2% of the population does
Motivation and Hunger
Researcher A.L. Washburn swallowed a balloon to find out how stomach pangs affect hunger. He learned that we do feel hunger when our stomachs contract. Hunger is also regulated by neurons in the Hypothalamus int he brain.
On Switch
An empty stomach will release the hormone Ghrelin into the blood stream. The body produces more Ghrelin when its under weight and less when its over weight
Lateral Hypothalamus
Releases hormone Orexin, Which motivates eating behavior. Lateral Hypothalamus = Large Hunger
If LH is damaged one will not experience hunger and Orexin can not be released.
Off Switch
Adipose cells in the body release the hormone Leptin into the blood stream.
Ventromedial Hypothalamus
detects leptin and the reduces the sensation of hunger
VHM regulates Satiety
If the VHM is damaged or removed one will not experience fullness as the VHM can not process the signal by the leptin
Obestatin
hormone that sends “I’m Full” signal to the Hypothalamus.
Peptide
Hormone released by the digestive tract that sends an “I’m not Hungry” signal to the hypothalamus
Glucose
Type of suger or energy that comes from ingested food; passed through the blood stream
Insulin
Hormone released by the pancreas which regulates levels of blood glucose
Hypoglycemia
having low levels of glucose in the blood
-results in high body temp. increases heart rate, chills, shakes and irritability
Hyperglycemia
having high levels of glucose in the blood stream
-results in extreme thirst, nausea, difficulty seeing, confusion and drowsiness
Set point
weight range in which that specific body will perform at its best without any effort
-Different for everyone
Basal Metabolic Rate
the rate of energy expenditure when the body is at rest
Conditioning
Certain stimuli can be associated with food, such as a specific time for eating, specific people, locations and emotions
Obesity
While the body does have a set point it can be reset with new eating habits. there are numerous health conditions that are associated with obesity including; heart disease, stroke, type 2 diabetes, and some types of cancer.
Motivation and Sex
human sexuality is a product of a complex web of connections that bridge psychological , physiological and socio-cultural factors.
Human Sexual Response Cycle
consists of a series of physical stages exhibited in different ways by both sexes during physical activity.
-4 phases; Excitement, Plateau, orgasm, resolution.
Sexual Orientation
the stable pattern of attraction to members of a particular sex.
- can incorporate behavior, attraction and identity.
Heterosexual
expressing attraction to members of the opposite sex
Homosexual
expressing an attraction to members of the same sex.
Bisexual
Expressing an attraction to members of either sex.
asexual/nonsexual
generally no specific attraction expressed
ignorance
Surveys indicate that young people overestimate their knowledge of sexual health.
Approach-Approach Conflict
to have to chose between two desirable options.
Avoidance -Avoidance Conflict
to have to choose between two undesirable options.
Approach- Avoidance Conflict
to have to choose between goals that have both desirable and undesirable qualities.
multiple Approach -Avoidance conflict
to have to choose between multiple options each holding positives and negatives.
achievement motivation
what drives people to achieve goals in life.
High achievers
people motivated to accomplish goals they have set themselves.
