Motivation Flashcards
revise on topic for motivation
what is motivation?
an inner drive that moves us to address a need.
what is a ‘need’ when referring to motivation?
a discrepancy between present state and ideal state (now vs who I want to be).
what are the components of the biological explanation of motivation?
- Reflexes
- Instinct
- Drive
- Arousal
what are some limitations for the biological explanation of motivation?
it ignore individual differences
only covers basic needs
ignores emotions
difficult to measure
what is the ‘motivational process’?
Need →Goal Directed Behavior → Need satisfaction→ ↙
what is the ‘expectancy theory of motivation’?
a process of cognitive variables that reflects individual differences in work motivation.
what are the assumptions of the expectancy theory of motivation?
1. Expectancy Effort →performance 2. Instrumentality Performance→ outcome 3. Valence
what is ‘self-efficacy’?
to what extent do i think i can do well and have control over the situation and outcome
what is valence?
is the strength of an employee’s preference for a particular reward. This is to avoid or approach the situation.
what are some factors that can influence valence?
is the goal i want to achieve in line with values or beliefs
linked with cognitive dissonance
what are the components of
Expectancy
Effort →performance?
- Self-efficacy
- Goal difficulty
- Perceived control
what are the components of Instrumentality
Performance→ outcome?
- Trust
- Control
- Policies
what is ‘expectancy’ in expectancy theory of motivation?
A person is motivated to the degree that he or
she believes that (a) effort will lead to acceptable performance (expectancy)
what is ‘instrumentality’ in expectancy theory of motivation?
is an individual’s estimate of the probability that a given level of
achieved task performance will lead to various work outcomes.
what are the components of Valence?
- Values
- Needs
- Goals (-1 to 1)
what is intrinsic motivation?
motivation that is driven by internal rewards
what is extrinsic motivation?
motivation that is driven by external rewards
what is discrepancy reduction?
when acknowledging there must be other actions to address the need (present state)
what is discrepancy creation?
achieving ideal state but wanting to improve it
what are the components of the Needs Theory?
- need for achievement
- need for affiliation
- need for power
what is the Self-Determination theory (Deci & Ryan, 2000)?
an important theory of motivation that addresses issues of extrinsic and intrinsic motivation
