Motivation

Question 1

What is motivation?

Answer 1

purpose or driving force behind our actions

Question 2

What is extrinsic motivation?

Answer 2

based on external circumstances

Question 3

What is intrinsic motivation?

Answer 3

based on internal drive or perception

Question 4

What are the primary factors that influence emotion?

Answer 4

instincts, arousal, drives, and needs

Question 5

What are instincts?

Answer 5

innate, fixed patterns of behavior in response to stimuli; may last throughout, or disappear with time

Question 6

What is the instinct theory of motivation?

Answer 6

people perform certain behaviors because of evolutionary programmed instincts

Question 7

What is the arousal theory of motivation?

Answer 7

people perform actions to maintain arousal, the state of being awake and reactive to stimuli, at an optimal level

Question 8

What does the Yerkes-Dodson law show?

Answer 8

performance is optimal at a medium level of arousal

Question 9

What are drives?

Answer 9

internal states of tension that activate particular behaviors focused on goals

Question 10

What are primary drives?

Answer 10

motivate us to sustain necessary biological processes; related to bodily processes

Question 11

What are secondary drives?

Answer 11

motivate us to fulfill nonbiological, emotional, or ‘learned’ desires; stem from learning and include accomplishments and emotions

Question 12

What are the categories of needs in Maslow’s hierarchy?

Answer 12

physiological needs
safety and security
love and belonging
self-esteem
self-actualization

Question 13

What is drive reduction theory?

Answer 13

motivation arises from the desire to eliminate drives which create uncomfortable internal states

Question 14

What is self-determination theory?

Answer 14

emphasizes the role of three universal needs:

• autonomy
• competence
• relatedness

Question 15

What is expectancy-value theory?

Answer 15

amount of motivation for a task is based on individual’s expectation of success and the amount that success is valued

Question 16

What is opponent-process theory?

Answer 16

explains motivation for drug use; as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to intolerance and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms

Question 17

What is opponent-process theory?

Answer 17

explains motivation for drug use; as drug use increases, the body counteracts its effects, leading to intolerance, dependence, and uncomfortable withdrawal symptoms

Question 18

What is homeostasis?

Answer 18

regulation of the internal environment to maintain an optimal, stable set of conditions

Question 19

What is homeostasis usually controlled by?

Answer 19

negative feedback loop

Question 20

What motivates sexual behaviors in humans?

Answer 20

secretion of hormones
smell
pleasure/interpretation of pleasure
cognition
culture and society