Motivation Flashcards
How does Sage define motivation?
‘The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour.’ (Sage, 1977)
When did Sage define motivation?
1977
Who defined motivation as ‘The internal mechanisms and external stimuli which arouse and direct our behaviour.’
Sage (1977)
Describe a recent definition of motivation.
“…the direction and intensity of effort.” (Weinberg, 2009, p.7)
“Motivation is the inclination to pursue and persist in activities related to one’s sport.” (Walker, Foster, Daubert, Nathan, 2005, p.5)
How does Weinberg define motivation?
“…the direction and intensity of effort.” (2009)
When did Weinberg define motivation?
2009
Describe motives and some of their features.
Motives are reasons for doing things
They are relatively stable
Acting at the same time (+ve and -ve)
What is intrinsic motivation?
Give an example.
A desire to complete a task for oneself where no outside factors influence or motivate the person to participate.
What is extrinsic motivation?
Give an example.
Outside reward for completion of task.
What is the achievement goal theory?
.
Define autonomy.
.
Define self-relatedness
.
Define competence.
.
What is achievement motivation?
.
Describe the achievement goal theory.
.
Describe the attribution theory.
.
Suggest five motivators.
Fun - enjoyment, pleasure, psychological benefits.
Affiliation -social experience, friendship, significant others.
Competence - personal challenge, skill acquisition.
Fitness - health, weightless, strength, improve appearance.
Success - competition or personal accomplishment.
What strengthens intrinsic motivation?
Positive feelings, self confidence and competence.
What are the three levels of extrinsic motivation?
External regulation – action influenced by outcomes
Introjection – source of motivation has been internalised so anxiety or fear of embarrassment regulate behaviour
Identification – realise that a certain behaviour is valuable
Who proposed the three levels of extrinsic motivation and when?
Ryan, Connell & Grolnick (1990)
What are the three approaches to motivation?
Trait-centred view
Motivated behaviour is primarily a function of individual characteristics
Situation-centred view
Motivation level is determined primarily by situation (+ve and –ve environments)
Interactional View
Motivation results neither solely from participant factors nor from situational factors, but how they interact
What is a trait-centred view to motivation?
Motivated behaviour is primarily a function of individual characteristics
What is a situation-centred view to motivation?
Motivation level is determined primarily by situation (+ve and –ve environments)
What is an interactional view to motivation?
Motivation results neither solely from participant factors nor from situational factors, but how they interact
What is self-efficacy?
.
What will happen when a person performing for the sheer fun of it is given an external reward? (Deci, 1971)
Their motivation decreases.
What is the competence motivation theory?
.
What are Nicholl’s two achievement goals? (1984;1989)
Task and ego
What is the motivational climate?
The behaviour and attitudes exhibited by important others in a particular situation
What factors determine whether a person is task or ego goal orientated?
Dispositional orientation and motivational climate.
