Motivation Flashcards
\Motivation
the desire of workers to do a job quickly and efficiently. including the internal and external factors that stimulate people to take actions to meet a specific aim
Importance of motivation
Helps a business achieve its goals. Contributes to cost-effectiveness by lowering accidents and wastage. Assists in maintaining low labor turnover and absenteeism rates. Impacts the productivity and competitiveness of the business. leads to staff who are ready to accept the responsibility and suggest improvements for customer service and satisfaction.
F.W Taylor -scientific management / theory of an economic man
focused on reducing inefficiencies through a step process: select workers, observe tasks, record time, identify quickest method, train employees, supervise them, pay them accordingly. Believed people are only motivated by money and advocated for the piece rate method of payment
Problems with Taylor’s method
Not everyone is motivated by money. encourages quantity over quality. in modern times worker participation is beneficial due to advanced education and training. it also advocates for an autocratic leadership style, close supervision, one way communication and theory x management
Hawthorne effect (mayo)
changing working conditions and pay often doesn’t significantly impact productivity. talking with workers boosts motivation. working in teams and building team spirit can increase productivity. allowing workers control over things like break times increases motivation. teams can set their own targets, often influenced by informal leaders
Applications of mayo’s research today
workers participation: more businesses involve workers in decision making. Human resource management: HR departments apply the Hawthorne effect. team working: many businesses use teams. New research in industrial psychology has been spurred
Abram Maslow Hierarchy of human needs.
Categorized employee needs into 5 levels: physical, safety social, esteem, and self actualization. employee start at the lowest level and regression is possible. Satisfying a need means more of the same won’t motivate.
Limitations of Maslow’s hierarchy
Everyone has different needs. It is difficult and impractical to identify and address individual needs and separately. Self-actualization is never permanently achieved
two factory theory
identified hygiene factors (salary, working conditions, supervision, social relations) which do not motivate but their absence demotivates. also identified motivators ( achievement, recognition, work itself, responsibility, advancement) which do motivate employees.
Job enrichment Principles (hertzberg)
adopt complete units of work, provide feedback on performance, offer a range of tasks, and encourage teamwork.
david McCelland Motivational needs theory
identified three types of motivational needs: Achievement motivation ( realistic goals, seeking advancement, result driven) Authority motivation( desire to control, be influential, strong leadership) , and affiliation motivation ( need for friendly relations, teamwork, being liked) Achievement motivated people often yield the best business results
