Motivation Flashcards
What are SMART goals?
Specific Measurable Achievable Reasonable Timetable (Clear)
What is the expectancy model?
Motivation is a form of effort, performance and outcome
- If you put forth effort, will it fulfill given performance requirements?
- Will meeting the performance requirements result in the rewards I was promised?
- Do I value the reward?
What is extrinsic motivation?
Driven by desire to acquire material or social reward or avoid punishment
What is intrinsic motivation?
Driven by desire to get sense of accomplishment or achievement or belief that you’re doing something worthwhile
When does goal setting work well?
When it focuses attention and directs efforts, and when it is constantly re-evaluated
What is positive vs. negative reinforcement?
Positive reinforcement increases desired behavior
Negative reinforcement reduces undesired behavior (but doesn’t necessarily increase the desired behavior)
How does loss aversion play into motivation?
Losses are more painful than gains are satisfying
Losses are difficult to avoid in bonus-based systems, your expectation matters
How do you increase intrinsic motivation / employee happiness?
(RAMP up motivation)
- Relatedness - help ppl feel connected to each other through relationships (e.g., hand hygiene), responsibility and recognition (say thank you)
- Autonomy - more independence, have ppl choose their workstreams
- Mastery - let ppl do what they’re good at and position them to continue to improve upon these competencies
- Purpose - remind them of greater purpose (e.g., Genentech)
Why do reward systems get screwed up?
(HOVE - Hypocrisy, objective, visible, equity/efficiency)
1) Fascination w/ “objective” criterion (managers seek quantifiable standards that may not be relevant)
2) Overemphasis on visible behaviors (behaviors that are hard to observe & measure are also hard to reward)
3) Hypocrisy (sometimes managers don’t actually reward their stated goal (i.e., long-term growth vs. quarterly earnings))
4) Emphasis on equity rather than efficiency
What is equity theory?
Motivation is influenced by reward-to-effort ratio (not absolute, but relative to peers)
What are reasons for lack of motivation?
- Can’t do it
- Won’t get it
- Not worth it
Inspect vs. expect
Distinction between what is measurable vs. what you actually want the goal to be
What are keys to positive reinforcement?
Key: transparency (more info about what’s expected and what’s rewarded)
Motivation = communication
Use shorter, rather than longer, intervals between rewards
What is the entitlement problem?
When rewards are expected, they don’t actually produce a positive effect (and can be negative when expectations are not met).
Unexpected rewards produce dopamine
What are maximizers vs. satisfiers?
Maximizers pursue mastery
Satisfiers just get by
