Motivation

Question 1

Motivation

Answer 1

A stimulus or force that can direct the way we behave, think, and feel

Question 2

Incentive

Answer 2

An association established between a behavior and its consequences, which then motivates that behavior

Question 3

extrinsic motivation

Answer 3

the drive or urge to continue a behavior because of external reinforcers

Question 4

Intrinsic motivation

Answer 4

the drive or urge to continue a behavior because of internal reinforcers

Question 5

instincts

Answer 5

complex behaviors that are fixed, unlearned, and consistent within a species

Question 6

Homeostasis

Answer 6

the tendency for bodies to maintain constant states through internal controls

Question 7

drive-reduction theory

Answer 7

suggests that homeostasis motivates us to meet biological needs

Question 8

Arousal theory

Answer 8

Suggests that humans are motivated to seek am optimal level of arousal, or alertness and engagement in the world

Question 9

Self-actualization

Answer 9

the need to be ones best and strive for ones fullest potential

Question 10

self determination theory

Answer 10

suggests that humans are born with the needs for competence, relatedness, and autonomy, which are always driving us in the direction of growth and optimal functioning

Question 11

need foe achievement

Answer 11

a drive to reach attainable and challenging goals, especially in the face of competition

Question 12

sexuality

Answer 12

A dimension of human nature encompassing everything that makes us sexual beings: sexual activities, attitudes, and behaviors

Question 13

refractory period

Answer 13

An interval of time during which a man cannot attain another orgasm

Question 14

Lateral Hypothalamus

Answer 14

when activated, appetite increases

Question 15

ventromedial hypothalamus

Answer 15

when activates, appetite declines

Question 16

james-lange theory of emotion

Answer 16

Suggests that a stimulus initiates the experience of a psychological and/or behavioral reaction, and this reaction leads to the feeling of an emotion

Question 17

Cannon-Bard

Answer 17

Body changes and emotions happen together

Question 18

Schachter-Singer

Answer 18

Our thoughts about our body changes lead to emotion

Question 19

Cognitive Appraisal

Answer 19

Our thoughts about our situation lead to emotions

Question 20

amygdala

Answer 20

central to our experience of fear

Question 21

Id

Answer 21

Present from birth, the id operates at the unconscious level and is responsible for the biological drives motivating behavior

Question 22

Pleasure principle

Answer 22

a principle that guides the id, directing behavior toward instant gratification and away from contemplating consequences

Question 23

The ego

Answer 23

The ego manipulates situations, plans for the future, solves problems, and makes decisions to satisfy needs of the id

Question 24

Reality principle that guides the ego as it negotiates between the id and the environment, directing behavior to follow society rules

Question 25

Superego

Answer 25

Guides behavior to follow the rules of society, parents, or other authority figures

Question 26

ego defense mechanisms

Answer 26

unconscious processes the ego uses to distort perceptions and memories and thereby reduce anxiety created by the id-superego conflict

Question 27

Collective unconscious

Answer 27

According to Jung, the universal experiences of humankind passed from generation to generation, including memories

Question 28

archetypes

Answer 28

primal images, patterns of thoughts, and storylines stored in the collective unconscious, with themes that may be found in art, literature, music, dreams, and religions