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Business > Motivating Employees > Flashcards

Motivating Employees Flashcards

1
Q

Why do Employers want to motivate their workers?

A
  • Improved Productivity
  • Low rate of worker absence
  • Low rate of employees leaving
  • Better quality goods and services
  • More competitive
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2
Q

What are Financial Motivators?

A
  • Hourly wage rate
  • Salary
  • Piece rate and commissions
  • Bonuses
  • Fringe benefits (non-cash rewards like cars or food)
  • Profit-sharing
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3
Q

What are non-financial Motivators?

A
  • Job rotation (change tasks so it is not repetitive)
  • Job Enlargement (greater variety of tasks)
  • Job Enrichment (organizing work)
  • Quality Circles (groups of employees)
  • Team working
  • Delegation (Passing tasks to lower employees)
  • Opportunities for promotion
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4
Q

What is F.W Taylor’s theory - Scientific management theory?

A

Taylors believed that workers are motivated purely by their own personal gains and that increasing pay increases productivity. Therefore he proposed the piece-rate system, where workers get paid for the number of output produced. This is not very practical in service industries

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5
Q

What is Maslow’s Hierarchy?

A

Maslow’s hierarchy of needs shows that employees are motivated by each level of the hierarchy, managers can identify which level their workers are on and then take action to advance them onto the next level.

  • Self actualization - Succeeding to your full potential (Being promoted and given more responsibility)
  • Esteem needs - Having status and recognition (Being given recognition for a job well done)
  • Social needs - Friendship and sense of belonging (work colleagues that support you at work)
  • Safety needs - Health and free from threats (Job security)
  • ## Physical needs - Water, food, and shelter (wages high enough to meet weekly bills)One limitation of this theory is that it doesn’t apply to every worker, for example, social needs arent important for some
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6
Q

What is Herzberg’s two-factor theory?

A

Herzberg’s two-factor theory states that people have two sets of needs:
Basic animal needs called ‘hygiene factors’:
- Working conditions
- Relatiionship with others
- Salary or wage
- Supervision
- Company policy and administration
Needs that allow the human being to grow psychologicall called ‘motivators’:
- The work itself
- Responsibility
- Advancement
- Achievement
- Recognition of achievement
According to Herzberg, the hygiene factors need to be satisfied, if not they will act as de-motivators to the workers. However hygiene factors don’t act as motivators as their effect quickly wear off. Motivators will truly motivate workers to work more effectively.

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7
Q

What are the advantages of an organizational structure?

A
  • All employees are aware of which communication channel is used to reach them with messages
  • Everyone knows their position in the business. They know who they are accountable to and who they are accountable for
  • It shows the links and relationship between the different departments
  • Gives everyone a sense of belonging as they appear on the organizational chart
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8
Q

What are the advantages of a short chain of command?

A
  • Communication is quicker
  • Top managers are less remote from lower employees
  • Wider span of control, (this encourages delegation, which will motivate employees as it builds a sense of trust)
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9
Q

What is the role of a manager?

A
  • Planning: setting aims, targets, and planning for resources required
  • Organizing
  • Coordinating
  • Commanding employees
  • Assessing and evaluating performance
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10
Q

What is delegation? What are its advantages?

A

Delegation is passing authority to a subordinate to complete a task
Advantages:
- Managers can’t do all the work by themselves
- Allows them to assess their subordinates work

Advantages to SUBORDINATES:

  • Builds a sense of trust between manager and employee
  • gives a chance of promotion
  • More rewarding work
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11
Q

What is the Autocratic style of leadership?

A

This is where managers expect their decisions to be carried out, with no employees involved. This is mainly a one-way communication, from top to bottom. Mostly used in the army and police

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12
Q

What is the Democratic style of leadership?

A

This is where managers involve employees in the decision-making, a two-way communication, from top to bottom and bottom to top. The decision is discussed between manager and employee and the final decision is made by the manager

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13
Q

What is the Laissez-faire style of leadership?

A

This is where managers leave the decision making to the employees, Communication is difficult because a clear direction is not given

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14
Q

What is a trade union?

A

A trade union are a group of workers who have joined together to ensure their interest are protected

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15
Q

What are the advantages of a trade union?

A
  • Strength in numbers
  • Improved conditions of employment
  • Improved working conditions
  • Financial support
  • Benefits
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16
Q

What is Internal and external recruitment?

A

Internal recruitment is when a vacancy is filled with an existing employee
External recruitment is when a vacancy is filled with someone outside of the business

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17
Q

What are the advantages and disadvantages of recruitment?

A

Advantages:
- Vacancy can be filled more quickly and cheaply
- Employee already knows how the business works
- Business already knows the strengths and weaknesses of the employee
- Employees more motivated by chance of promotion
Disadvantages:
- New skills and experience is not brought
- There is still a vacancy to be filled
- A better candidate could have been chosen from outside

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18
Q

What are the main stages of recruitment?

A
  1. The business identifies the need for a new employee
  2. A job description is made
  3. A person specification is made
  4. The recruitment is advertised
  5. Application forms are sent out
  6. Application forms are received
    7 A shortlist is made
  7. The people on the shortlist are interviewed
  8. A selection is made from the shortlist
19
Q

What are the benefits and limitations of part-time employees?

A

Advantages:
- If a part-time employee is vacant, it is easy to cover for this as the working hours is shorter
- The contract hours of part-time employees may be flexible to allow changes according to demand
- Part-time employees are more productive as shorter working hours
Disadvantages:
- Increase in induction and training costs
- Communication problems because they don’t work all-day
- Quality of service offered to customers may not be as good

20
Q

What is induction training and what are its advantages?

A

Induction training is introducing a new employee to the business activities and customs, and another employee
Advantages:
- Helps new employees settle in their job quickly
- Less likely to make mistakes
Disadvantages:
- Wages still must be paid even though no work is done
- Delays the state of employment
- Time consuming

21
Q

What is on-the-job training and what are its advantages?

A

on-the-job training occurs by watching a more experienced worker do the job
Advantages:
- It ensures some work is done during training
- Cheaper than off-the-job training
- Training to specific needs of the business
Disadvantages:
- The trainer will lose some production as they are teaching the new employee
- It is not recognized as official training outside

22
Q

What is off-the-job training and what are its advantages?

A

off-the-job training is when you are trained away from the workplace
Advantages:
- A broad range of skills could be taught
- Employees may be taught a variety of skills and can be multi-skilled
Disadvantages:
- Costs are high
- Wages are paid but no work is produced
- Worker can leave after trained for higher qualifications

23
Q

What is Job description and what must be on it?

A 
A job description is a written document that provides all the details about what the job involves
must include:
- Job Title
- Duties of the post
- Responsibilities
- Accountabilities
24
Q

What is a person specification and what must it include?

A

A list of qualifications, skills, experience, and personal skills looked for in a successful applicant

25
Q

Why might a workforce be downsized?

A
  • Introduction of automation so job is no longer needed
  • Falling demand
  • A business has merged so some jobs are not needed
  • Relocating abroad
  • Factory/shop closure
26
Q

What are reasons for terminating employment?

A
  • Resignment
  • Redundancy (Job is no longer needed)
  • Dismissal (break rules or not high enough standard)
  • Retirement
27
Q

What is Productivity and how do you measure it?

A

Productivity is a measure of how the efficiency of inputs used in production
Productivity = Quantity Output / Number of production employees

28
Q

How can you increase production?

A
  • Motivating employees
  • Automation (Faster and better than humans)
  • Training
  • Improve quality control and assurance
29
Q

What do businesses hold in inventories?

A
  • Raw materials and components
  • Work in progress items
  • Finished goods ready to be sold or sent out
30
Q

What are the costs of holding inventories?

A
  • Warehouse prices
  • Handling the Warehouse
  • Paying for any lost or damaged goods
  • Unable to sell any outdated goods
31
Q

What are the reasons for wastage?

A
  • Overproduction
  • Product defects
  • Product becomes out of date
  • Transporting goods
  • Idle resources
  • High inventory
32
Q

What is Just-int-time (JIT) inventory control?

A

JIT is when there is no inventory, instead all the supplies arrive when it is needed in production

33
Q

What is kaizen?

A

Kaizen means ‘continuous improvement’, it aims to get employees in small groups and discuss problems and discuss solutions. For example: re-arranging machinery where the production flows more smoothly

34
Q

What is cell production?

A

This is when the production line is separated into groups, this works because it raises morale when they are put in teams to concentrate on one part alone

35
Q

What is Job Production and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

A

Job Production: This is when each order is customized to each customer.
Advantages:
- The product will meet the exact requirement of the customer
- Flexible method of production
- Workers have varied jobs which is more motivating
Disadvantages:
- Expensive because it is labor-intensive
- Any errors could be expensive to fix
- Production takes a long time
- Special materials could have to be bought because a special request

36
Q

What is Batch Production and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

A

Batch Production: Products are made in small quantities, then another batch is made
Advantages:
- Variety of work which is motivating to workers
- More consumer choice
- If a machine is broken you can still produce other products
Disadvantages:
- Machines have to be reset between batches which delays production
- Lots of raw materials needed because there is a variety of products

37
Q

What is Flow Production and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

A

Flow production is producing large quantities of products all in a continuous process on the production line
Advantages:
- Capital intensive, so reduced labour costs
- Costs are low in the long run so can benefit from economies of scale
- Goods are produced quickly and efficiently
Disadvantages:
- Lots of raw materials needed (Inventory which is expensive)
- If one machine breaks then the whole production line is broken
- Cost of Capital is high

38
Q

What are the different types of costs?

A

Fixed cost: A cost that does not change
Variable cost: a cost that changes in direct proportion to output
Total cost: all the fixed costs and variable costs added together
Average cost: The cost of producing one unit (Total cost / Total Output)

39
Q

What are the different economies of scale?

A

= Financial economies: Banks are more likely to loan money to bigger companies because there is less risk of them no paying it off
= Managerial economies: Bigger business will hire specialists in reducing finances
= Marketing economies: The bigger the business the higher the marketing costs are, However, If you double the output and sales, then marketing costs wont double, this means lower costs for marketing
= Purchasing economies: This is buying massive bulks of items to reduce prices
= Technical economies: This is when you buy large machineries such as flow production for high output and low prices

40
Q

What are the different diseconomies of scale?

A

= Poor Communication: As the company gets bigger, communicating gets harder because there are more departments, employees, and managers
= Low morale: When there are so many employees they will lose the ability to meet their senior manager face to face
= Slow decision-making: as a business gets bigger, its chain of command also gets longer. Meaning decisions from managers take a long time to reach the bottom

41
Q

What is quality and why is it important?

A

Quality is ensuring the good or service meets the standards of customers, it is important because:

  • Establishes a brand image
  • Builds brand loyalty
  • Builds brand reputation
  • Increases sales
  • Attract new customers
42
Q

What is quality control and its advantages and disadvantages?

A

Quality control is checking the quality of a product at the end of production
Advantages:
- Any faults or defects are removed before it reaches the customer
- Does not require any difficult training
Disadvantages:
- If inspection only happens at the end, any errors at the beginning will be carried to the end when it could be rejected sooner
- Repetitive which lowers morale
- Quality control finds fault but does not find out why

43
Q

What is Quality assurance and what are its advantages and disadvantages?

A

quality assurance is checking the quality of the product throughout the production
Advantages:
- eliminates the fault before the customer receives it
- Encourages teamwork which increases morale
- reduces the cost of wastage and faulty products
- Products with defects or faults are quickly removed
Disadvantages:
- Expensive to carry out

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