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physics > motions and forces - topic 1 > Flashcards

motions and forces - topic 1 Flashcards

1
Q

how do to calculate speed

A

distance/ time

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2
Q

how to calculate acceleration

A

change in velocity /time take

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3
Q

scalar

A

magnitude but no direction

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4
Q

vector

A

magnitude and direction

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5
Q

examples of scalar quantities

A

distance, mass, energy, time, speed

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6
Q

examples of vector quantities

A

force, displacement, acceleration, weight, momentum, velocity

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7
Q

speed of a person walking

A

1.5m/s

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8
Q

speed of a person running

A

3m/s

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9
Q

speed of a person cycling

A

6m/s

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10
Q

wind speed

A

5-20m/s

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11
Q

speed of sound in air

A

340m/s

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12
Q

what does gradient mean in distance/time graphs

A

speed

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13
Q

what does straight uphill sections mean in distance/time graphs

A

travelling at steady speed

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14
Q

what does steepness mean in distance/time graphs

A

the steeper, the faster

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15
Q

what does flat sections mean in distance/time graphs

A

it is stationary

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16
Q

what does curves mean in distance/time graphs

A

acceleration or deceleration

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17
Q

what happens if the resultant force on a stationary object is zero

A

if the resultant force on a stationary object is zero, the object will remain stationary

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18
Q

what happens if the resultant force on a moving object is zero

A

if the resultant force on a moving object is zero, it will just carry on moving at the same velocity

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19
Q

what happens if the resultant force on a moving object is non- zero

A

it’s velocity will change

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20
Q

what does Newton’s Second Law say

A

the larger the force acting on an object, the more it accelerates AND acceleration is inversely proportional to the mass of an object

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21
Q

equation for force and newtons second law

A

force = mass x acceleration

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22
Q

centripetal force

A

resultant force acting towards the centre of a circle

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23
Q

what is inertial mass

A

ratio of force over acceleration ( and is a measure of how difficult it is to change the velocity of an object)

24
Q

equation for newtons second law

A

force = mass x acceleration

25
Q

effects of gravitational force

A

makes things accelerate to the ground and it gives everything a weight

26
Q

what is weight

A

force acting on an object due to gravity

27
Q

equation for weight

A

mass x gravitational field strength

28
Q

how to measure weight

A

with a newton metre

29
Q

what is Newton’s Third Law

A

when two objects interact, the exert equal but opposite forces of the same type on each other

30
Q

what is momentum

A

it is a property of moving objects. The greater the mass of an object and velocity, the greater its momentum

31
Q

what is the equation for force (2)

A

change in momentum / time

32
Q

what is the equation for stopping distance

A

thinking distance + braking distance

33
Q

what is thinking distance

A

distance the vehicle travels during the driver’s reaction time

34
Q

what is braking distance

A

distance the vehicle travels after brakes are applied until it comes to a complete stop

35
Q

what affects thinking distance

A

speed of vehicle and how quick your response is

36
Q

what is acceleration

A

how quickly the velocity is changing

37
Q

how to calculate acceleration

A

change in velocity / time taken

38
Q

what is uniform acceleration

A

constant acceleration

39
Q

how to calculate uniform acceleration

A

final velocity^2- initial velocity^2 = 2 x acceleration x distance

40
Q

in a distance/time graph, what does a steepening curve mean

A

it’s accelerating

41
Q

in a distance/time graph, what does a levelling off curve mean

A

it’s decelerating

42
Q

what does the gradient in a velocity/time graph represent

A

acceleration

43
Q

what does flat sections in a velocity/time graph represent

A

steady speed

44
Q

what does steepness represent in a velocity/time graph represent

A

the greater the acceleration or deceleration

45
Q

what does a curve represent in a velocity/time graph represent

A

changing acceleration

46
Q

how to calculate distance from a velocity/time graph

A

the area under the graph in that interval

47
Q

what does Newton’s first law say

A

a resultant force is needed to change the motion of an object

48
Q

to go at a steady velocity, what has to happen to the resultant force ?

A

there must be zero resultant force

49
Q

what happens if there is a non-zero resultant force on an object

A

it’s velocity will change and will accelerate in the direction of the force

50
Q

inertial mass =

A

Force / acceleration

51
Q

what is inertia

A

the tendency to continue moving at the same velocity

52
Q

how to measure an objects weight

A

secure newton meter so it hangs downwards and attach the item you want to weight to the hook and weight until object is still to read weight off the scale on the newton meter

53
Q

momentum =

A

mass x velocity

54
Q

what is the conservation of momentum

A

in a closed system, the total momentum before an event is the same as after an event

55
Q

what affects braking distance

A

how fast you are going
mass of the vehicle
how good your brakes are
amount of friction between tyres and road

physics (14 decks)

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