Motion, forces and energy Flashcards

Section 1 in the syllabus for cmabridge IGCSE physics

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1
Q

Formula: Average speed (ms^-1) (m/s)

A

distance(m) / time(s)

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2
Q

Formula: Average velocity (ms-1) (m/s)

A

displacement(m) / time (s)

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3
Q

Period of a pendulum (s)

A

total time(s) / no. of swings

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4
Q

Acceleration (ms^-2) (m/s^2)

A

( final - inital velocity(m/s) ) / time(s)

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5
Q

Weight (N)

A

Mass(kg) * Gravitational field strength (g)

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6
Q

Force (N)

A

Mass(kg) * Acceleration (ms^-2)

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7
Q

Density (kgm^-3) (kg/m^3)

A

Mass(kg) / Volume(m^3)

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8
Q

Hooke’s law in an equation

A

Force(N) = Consnat (Nm^-1) * Extension(m)
Force(N) ∝ Extension(m)

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9
Q

State Hooke’s law in words

A

The extension of a spring and the load applied to it are directly proportional until the limit of proportionality is exceeded

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10
Q

Describe, qualitatively, the motion in a circular path
due to a force perpendicular to the motion as
(a) speed increases if force _____ , with mass
and radius constant
(b) radius decreases if force _____ , with mass
and speed constant
(c) an increased mass requires an _____ force
to keep speed and radius constant

A

(a) speed increases if force increases, with mass
and radius constant
(b) radius decreases if force increases, with mass
and speed constant
(c) an increased mass requires an increased force
to keep speed and radius constant

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11
Q

Describe solid friction

A

The force between two
surfaces that may impede motion and produce
heating

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12
Q

Describe the moment of a force

A

A measure of the force’s turning effect

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13
Q

Pressure(Pa)

A

Force(N) / Area(m^2)

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14
Q

Fluid pressure(Pa)

A

Density(kg/m^3) * Gravitantionl field strength(ms^-2 or Nkg^-1) * Height(m)

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15
Q

Work(J)

A

Force(N) * Distance moved(m)

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16
Q

Power(W)

A

Work(J) / Time(s)

17
Q

Kinetic energy(J)

A

1/2 * Mass(kg) * Velocity^2(m/s)

18
Q

Gravitational potential energy

A

Mass(kg) * Gravitational field strength(m/s^2) * Height(m)

19
Q

Efficiency (%) of power

A

[Useful power output(W)/Total power input(W)] * 100

20
Q

Efficiency (%) of energy

A

[Useful energy output(W)/Total energy input(W)] * 100

21
Q

Moment(Nm)

A

Force(N) * Perpendicular distance from pivot(m)

22
Q

Force(N) relating to momentum

A

Change in momentum(kgm/s) / Time(s)

23
Q

Momentum

A

Force(N) * Velocity(m/s)

24
Q

Impulse(kgm/s or Ns)

A

Final momentum(kgm/s) - Inital momentum(kgm/s)

25
Q

Centripetal force(N)

A

[Mass(k) * Velocity^2(m/s)] / Radius(m)

26
Q

Orbital period(s)

A

[2π * Radius(m)] / Velocity(m/s)

27
Q

Change in gravitational potential energy

A

Mass(kg) * Gravitational field strength(m/s^2 or N/kg) * Change in height(m)

28
Q

Power in terms of energy

A

Change in energy(J) / Time(s)