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motion + energy + thermal physics Flashcards

1
Q

when object is said to be in motion?

A

if it changes its position wrt to time and a reference point

directin of motion is in the direction of velocity of the body

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2
Q

speed

A

dist/time

avg = intial+final/2 or total dist/total time

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3
Q

vel

A

displacement/time

avg = intial +final/2 or total displacement/total time

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4
Q

uniform motion

A

if it travels equal distances in equal time intervals in a specific direction

body moving w uniform vel

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5
Q

non-uniform motion

A

body moving w variable vel

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6
Q

acceleation

A

∆v/∆t

vector

direction of acceleration is direction of change in velocity

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7
Q

non uniform motion

uniformally accelerated motion

A

a=const (not 0, constant because a=0 is uniform motion)

ex. free falling obj

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8
Q

suvat

A

v=u+at
v^2-u^2=2as
s=ut+1/2at^2
s=((u+v)/2)*t

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9
Q

terminal velocity

A

constant velocity or speed with which a body falls down under the influence of gravitational force and fluis resistance

F=K*v

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10
Q

newton first law

A

a body continues to remain in the state of rest or in the state of uniform motion until and unless an external force acts on it

law of intertia

  1. inertia of motion
  2. intertia of rest
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11
Q

newton second law

A

the net force acting on a body is directly proportional to the rate of change in momentum

if mass constant then f=ma

otherwise ∆p/∆t
(m∆v/∆t=ma)

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12
Q

momentum

A

m*v

direction of motion will be the direction of velocity

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13
Q

net force

A

total force exerted on the body

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14
Q

newton third law

A

for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. if the action is on one body, the reaction will be on the other.

force cannot exist unless there are at least 2 objects present
there canot be a solo force

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15
Q

gravitational force//gravity

A

gravitational force is the fundamental itneraction which causes mutual attraction b/w all objects that have mass

  • for it to exist there must be 2 objects
  • if one object is a celstial body, the gravitatoinal force is known as gravity

weight is the gravity = mg
weight can vary mass doesnt
g=9.81ms^-2

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16
Q

normal reaction

A

force acting on a body only when it is on top of a surface or a platform. this force does not exist if the body is not present on a surface.

normal matlab perpendicular in physics so it acts perpendicular to the surface on which the body is present

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17
Q

restoring force

A

force that is developed in any material which is elastic in nature

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18
Q

hooke’s law

A

within the elastic limit, the restoring force is directly proportional to the displacement of the body from its mean position (equilibrium position)

F=-kx

mean position (equilibrium position) = when gravitational force and restorign force are equal.

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19
Q

escape velocity

A

minimum vel required to escape a planet’s gravitatonal field

11.2km^-1 for earth

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20
Q

frictional force

A

force that opposes relative motion
* no force applied, no frictional force either

F∝N
F=μN
μ = coeffficient of friction

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21
Q

static friction

A

frictional force acting a body when it is at rest
* max value of static friciton = limiting friction

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22
Q

dynamic/kinetic friction

A

frictional force which acts ona moving object

23
Q

when will tension be developed

A

if there is mass attached to a string pulling it down
- tension prevents spring from restoring when a mass hangs down from it

24
Q

work

A

work is said to be done if a force displaces an object in the diretion of the force applied

W=FS

Joules

25
energy
ability to do work (if asked otherwise cant be defined) ## Footnote joules
26
work energy theorem
W=∆KE
27
kinetic energy
energy possessed by a body due to its motion | 1/2mv^2
28
potential energy
energy stored in a body due to changed positition, shape, or state (s/l/g)
29
gpe
energy stored by an object being raised up in a gravitational field | mgh
30
epe
energy stored in a an object because of a change in shape
31
internal energy
total KE and PE of all molecules in a material | diff. from mechanical because this is at a microscopic level
32
heat energy
that form of energy which is always in motion from a body at higher temperature to a body at lower temperature | body doesnt store heat energy it stores internal energy
33
light & sound energy
travel in the form of waves and carry energy and momentum | light exists as particle and wave; sound exists only as wave
34
conservation of energy
energy can neither be created nor destroyed, it can only be converted from one form to another
35
conservation of momentum
for an isolated system of objects, the total momentum before the collision is = total momentum after the collision
36
impulse
change in momentum | ∆p=F∆t ## Footnote (obj bounces back a certain height when dropped)
37
collision
two objects are said to collide with each other if there is a change in the state of motion of one object because of the other | elastic, inelastic elastic bounce back inelastic saath me goes
38
effeciency
total useful output/total input*100 ## Footnote san key diagram is the diagramatic representatipn of all energy transformations taking place in a system. width of energy represents energy.
39
energy degredation
useful form of energy transformed to useless form of energy. - whenever energy is trasformed, enery degredation also takes place
40
heat energy
Q=mc∆T
41
temperature
meausre of avg random ke of partciles of a system
42
specific heat capatacity
amt of heat enegry required to change the temp of 1kg of a stubance by 1C or 1K | j*kg^-1*k^-1
43
melting point
cont temp at which solid completely transforms into liquid state
44
bp
const temp at which liquid completely transforms into the gaseous state
45
latent heat
amt of heat energy required to transform 1kg of a substance from one state to another at a const temp
46
latent heat of fusion
amt of heat energy required to transform 1kg of a substance from solid to liquid state at a const temp | Q=m*L_f
47
latent heat of vaporization
amt of heat energy required to transform 1kg of a substance from liquid to gaseous state at a const temp | Q=m*L_v
48
electrical enegry
I*V*t=P*t | (P = power)
49
c
c_solid>c_liquid>c_gas - c=specific heat capacity
50
heat transfer mechanisms
1. conduction 2. convection 3. radiation
51
conduction
it is the heat transfer mechanism in which the paticles of the substance vibrate and collide with the neghboring particles. - the particles do not get displaced; they continue to remain in the same position. ## Footnote solides are heated by this process
52
convection
heat transfer mechanism in which particles of substance get displaced from their positions | fluids (g+l) are heated by this process ## Footnote +do convection current (sea breeze, land breeze)
53
radiation
heat transfer mechanism in whicih no medium is required for heat to transfer. - heat transfers in the fomr of electromagnetic waves
54
evaporation
surface phenomenon in which higher energy partcles of the liquid escape into the atmosphere - causes cooling effect

physics (7 decks)

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