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Physics Year One > Motion > Flashcards

Motion Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the formula for average speed

A

Distance travelled divided by time taken

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2
Q

What does a horizontal straight line on a distance time graph represent

A

A stationary object

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3
Q

What does a straight slope on a distance time graph represent

A

An object moving at a constant speed

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4
Q

What is instantaneous speed

A

The speed of an object over a very short period of time

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5
Q

How can you find instantaneous speed from a distance time graph

A

Draw a tangent to the graph at the given time and calculate its gradient

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6
Q

Should the gradient triangle be large or small

A

As large as possible to reduce percentage uncertainty

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7
Q

What are the features of a scalar quantity

A

It has only a magnitude with no direction

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8
Q

What are the features of a vector quantity

A

It has magnitude and direction

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9
Q

Is displacement a vector or scalar quantity

A

Vector

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10
Q

Is speed a vector or scalar quantity

A

Scalar

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11
Q

What is the formula for average velocity

A

Change in displacement divided by time taken

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12
Q

What is the formula for acceleration

A

Change in velocity divided by change in time

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13
Q

Is acceleration a vector or scalar quantity

A

Vector because its determined from velocity which is also a vector

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14
Q

How can the acceleration of an object be found from a velocity time graph

A

By calculating the gradient

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15
Q

What does a curve on a velocity time graph suggest

A

A changing acceleration

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16
Q

How can displacement be found from a velocity time graph

A

By calculating the area under the graph

17
Q

What are the equations of motion known as

A

The SUVAT equations

18
Q

What does each letter of SUVAT stand for

A

Displacement, initial velocity, final velocity, acceleration and time

19
Q

What is stopping distance

A

Total distance travelled between the moment a reason to stop is identified and the vehicle becoming stationary

20
Q

What are the two components of stopping distance

A

Thinking distance and braking distance

21
Q

List the main factors that affect stopping distance

A

Speed, condition of brakes, tyres, roads, weather and alertness

22
Q

What is the formula for thinking distance

A

Speed multiplied by the reaction time

23
Q

What does it mean to be in freefall

A

When an object is accelerating under gravity with no other forces acting on it

24
Q

Describe the basic idea for determining G

A

Drop a heavy ball over a known distance and time its descent, the issue with this is that it all occurs very quickly

25
Q

Describe the electromagnet and trapdoor method for determining G

A

An electromagnet holds a steel ball above a trapdoor, when the current switches off a timer is triggered and the magnet releases the steel ball, when hitting the trapdoor the timer is stopped

26
Q

What causes inaccuracy in the electromagnet and trapdoor method for determining G

A

Air resistance and the slight delay of timers, this can be improved by using a heavier ball and a much longer drop

27
Q

Describe the light gate method for determining G

A

Two light beams are set up one above the other, with detectors connected to a timer. When the ball falls through the first beam the timer is started and when it hits the second the timer is stopped, the distance is known.

28
Q

Describe the taking pictures method for determining G

A

A small metal ball is dropped from rest next to a meter rule, the fall is recorded on video or a rapid fire camera is used to capture the event, alternatively a stroboscope illuminates the scene with rapid flashes, the video can be examined to calculate G

29
Q

How can G be determined from plotting a graph

A

A distance against time squared graph will have half the value of G

30
Q

How are vertical and horizontal components of velocity treated

A

independently of each other

31
Q

Why does horizontal velocity remain constant

A

The result would be g cos 90 which results in zero

32
Q

How is actual velocity found given horizontal and vertical

A

v = sqrt(horizontal v^2 + vertical v^2)

33
Q

How is the angle to the horizontal found

A

Inverse tan of vertical velocity divided by horizontal velocity

34
Q

Write a statement for horizontal velocity

A

v cos theta

35
Q

Write a statement for vertical velocity

A

v sin theta

36
Q
A

Physics Year One (10 decks)

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