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GI Final > Motility of the GI Tract > Flashcards

Motility of the GI Tract Flashcards

1
Q

cell type that produces the hydrochloric acid and intrinsic factor in the stomach

A

parietal cell

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2
Q

cell type that produces pepsinogen in the gastric pits of the stomach

A

chief cell

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3
Q

cell type that produces gastrin in the stomach

A

enteroendocrine cell

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4
Q

pacemaker cells that have the capacity to generate the basic electrical rhythm of GI smooth muscle

A

Interstitial cells of cajal

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5
Q

the ICCs utilize what type of channel to induce contraction in smooth muscle

A

L type Ca current and AP mechanism

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6
Q

oscillating waves of membrane depolarization that are not sufficient to completely depolarize the membrane and stimulate contractions in the GI tract

A

Slow waves or the basic electrical rhythm

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7
Q

slow, oscillating changes in membrane potential that do not induce contraction utilize which ion

A

Na

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8
Q

spike potentials that cause contractions are a result of which ion moving across membranes

A

Ca

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9
Q

functions of the myenteric plexus

A

control function of circular and longitudinal muscle layers to control GI movements

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10
Q

functions of submucosal plexus

A

secretomotor neurons promote vasodilation, regulate secretion of fluid and electrolytes and contractions of the muscularis mucosa

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11
Q

components of saliva

A 
water
electrolytes
Mucin 
IgA 
Lysozyme 
salivary amylase
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12
Q

three phases of swallowing

A

oral phase
pharyngeal phase
esophageal phase

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13
Q

difference between primary and secondary peristaltic waves

A

primary - continuation of the peristaltic wave that begins in the pharynx and spreads into esophagus (regulated by medulla)
Secondary - occurs if primary wave fails to move food all the way to stomach. Continues until food empties into stomach (regulated by medulla and myenteric nervous system)

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14
Q

describe receptive relaxation

A

vagovagal reflex that causes the muscles of the proximal stomach to relax, which facilitates entry of the bolus into the stomach
esophageal pressure drops to match low pressure in proximal stomach, indicating opening of the LES
LES opens due to vagovagal reflex mediated by myenteric neurons releasing vasoactive intestinal peptides and NO

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15
Q

LES tone can be ______ by acetylcholine, increased intraabdominal and intragastric pressure, gastrin, motilin, protein-rich food

A

increased LES tone

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16
Q

LES tone can be _____ by NO, VIP, CCK, GIP, Beta adrenergic receptor antagonists, secretin, progesterone, prostaglandin E and fat rich food

A

Decreased LES tone

17
Q

MoA of Gerd

A

innappropriate relaxation of LES results in reflux of acidic stomach contents sufficient to cause pain or erosion

18
Q

MoA of achalasia

A

LES does not open fully in concert with the peristaltic wave that sweeps the bolus along the length of the esophagus and food becomes retained at LES
Disordered motility from degeneration of neurons in the myenteric plexus

19
Q

factors that increase contraction in the stomach

A 
vagal nerve (parasympathetic sitmulation) - force and number 
gastrin and motilin - increase contractions
20
Q

increases gastric H+ secretion and stimulates growth of gastric mucosa

A

Gastrin from G cells of stomach

21
Q

stimulates contraction of gallbladder and relaxation of sphincter of Oddi
increase pancreatic enzyme and HCO3 secretion
growth of exocrine pancreas and gallbaldder

A

CCK

22
Q

increase pancreatic HCO3 secretion
increase biliary HCO3 secretion
Decrease gastric H secretion

A

secretin

23
Q

increase insulin secretion

decrease gastric H secretion

A

GIP

24
Q

when gastrin is secreted by non-Beta cell tumors of the pancreas

A

zollinger-ellison syndrome

25
Q

gastrin secretion is stimulated by

A

small peptides and AA in the lumen (Phe and Trp)
distension of stomach
vagal stimulation by GRP (gastrin releasing peptide)

26
Q

gastrin secretion is inhibited by

A

H+ in the lumen of the stomach (negative feedback)

somatostatin

27
Q

a collection of disorders of various etiologies in which gastric emptying is impaired or delayed, without evidence of obstruction

really common in diabetes

A

gastroparesis

28
Q

movements in the small intestine (2)

A

peristalsis and segmentation contractions

GI Final (8 decks)

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