(most of) 51-123 Vocab Flashcards
Name ONE of the four components of emotional intelligence
Social Awareness
What does APA stand for?
American Psychological Association
In the United States, how many states ban conversion therapy for minors?
20
What philosophical position states that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience?
Empiricism
Name the American psychologist who is considered the father of education and child psychology
G. Stanley Hall
What state passed the world’s first Eugenics sterilization law in 1907?
Indiana
What state sterilized the most Americans and a disproportionately high number of Mexican-Americans?
California
Name the landmark 1967 Supreme Court decision which ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the 14th Amendment.
Loving V. Virginia
Name ALL 6 Contemporary Approaches to Psychology
Behaviorism, Humanism, Biological, Psychoanalytic, Social, Cognitive
Sigmund Freud compared the mind to what large natural object?
An Iceberg
The biggest criticism of Psychoanalytic Psychology is that it is what?
Unscientific
Name Sigmund Freud’s newphew
Edward Bernays
Sigmund Freud believed women suffer from what?
Penis envy
Karen Horney believed men suffered from what?
Womb envy
Edward Bernays is responsible for convincing women to do what?
Smoke
Name the psychologist who wrote the first IQ tedt
Alfred Binet
What University used Binet’s IQ test to promote racism?
Stanford University
The 3 Box Model includes what 3 kinds of memory
Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Long-term Memory
What term refers to the use of coded racist language to garner support from a specific political group?
Political do gwhistle
What term refers to the ability of the brain to form new connections, in response to learning or experience?
Plasticity
Which approach to psychology is called the Third Force and takes an optimistic view of human nature?
Humanism
Which kind of psycholgy believes all people have a need fo personal growth and a need to fulfill their potential?
Humanism
Which kind of psychological therapy includes active listening, empathy, and unconditional love?
Humanism
Name the two founding fathers of Humanistic Psychology
Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow
What’s the key word for psychoanalytic psychology?
unconscious
What is the key word for behavioral psychology?
learning
What is the key word for cognitive psychology?
Thinking
at is the key word for social psychology?
Groups
What is the key word for humanistic psychology?
Self
What is the key word for biological psychology?
The Brain
Kind of psychologist who deals with common workplace issues such as increasing worker productivity
Industrial/organizational psychologist
Kind of psychologist who deals with such issues as substance abuse, and the mental health of children
Clinical psychologist
Kind of psychologist who deals with clients who have less serious mental health issues
Counseling psychologist
King of psychologist who studies how people grow/change as they age
Developmental Psychologist
Kind of psychologist who works to promote the cognitive, social, and emotional development of students
School psychologist
Kind of psychologist who applies psychological principles to civil and criminal legal issues
Forensic psychologist
What is the date of the AP Psychology Exam?
Tuesday, May 2nd, 2023
How many multiple choice questions are on the AP Psychology Exam?
100
How many free response questions are on the AP Psychology Exam?
2
What is the average cost of college in the US?
$35,000 per student per year
What word refers to the small group of people out of a total population being studied?
Sample
One way to avoid a non-representative sample is to give each individual an equal chance of being represented. What is this called?
Random Sampling
The extent to which the sample differs from the population is known as what?
Sampling Error
What term refers to subgroups in the population being proportionately represented in the sample?
Stratified Sampling
Research method in which the psychologist observes a subject in a natural setting without interfering
Naturalistic observation
Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants
Case Study
Research method in which data is collected about a sample over a number of years
Longitudinal study
Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions
Survey
Any factor that is capable of change
Variable
The measure of a relationship between two variables
Correlation
What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in the same direction?
Positive Correlation
What kind of correlation exists when two variable move in opposite directions?
Negative correlation
What is the only kind of research method which establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?
Experiment
In an experiment, which group receives the independent variable?
Experimental group
In an experiment, which group does not receive the independent variable?
Control Group
What is an experiment called in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment?
Single-blind experiment
What is an experiment called in which both the participants and the experimenter are unaware of which participants received the treatment?
Double-blind experiment
In an experiment, the variable controlled by the experimenter is called what?
Independent Variable
In an experiment, a change in the independent variable should produce a change in what other variable?
Dependent variable
Any difference between the experimental condition and the control condition with the exception of the independent variable is known as what?
Confounding Variable
Please name two kinds of confounding variables
Participant-Relevant
Situation-Relevant
Explain how a variable will be measured
Operational defintion
What two kinds of experiments can be conducted?
Laboratory and Field
What are the two kinds of statistics?
Descriptive and Inferential
What are two other terms for a normal curve?
Bell-Shaped
Symmetrical
What percent of population falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean?
68%
What percent of population falls within 2 standard deviation of the mean?
95%
What percentage of the population falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean?
99%
How do you calculate standard deviation?
Square root of the Variance
How do you calculate variance?
Square of standard deviation
If the probability that results are due to change is less than 5%, then the results are considered what?
Statistically Significant
Upon hearing about research findings, people have a tendency to think they knew it all along.
Hindsight bias
One way to graph a correlation
Scatter Plot
What does IRB stand for?
Institutional Review Board
Ethical standard: Participation must be voluntary
No Coercion
Ethical Standard: Participants must know that they are involved in research and agree to be involved in the research.
Informed Consent
Some people thought Stanley Milgram’s experiment on obedience violated what ethical standard?
Risk
The scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the groups we belong to
Social Psychology
Who conducted the leadership style experiment?
Kurt Lewin
Who conducted the conformity experiment?
Solomon Asch
Who conducted the obedience to authority experiment?
Stanley Milgram
Who conducted the stanford prison experiment?
Philip Zimbardo
Change in behavior brought about by social pressure to comply with people perceived to be authority figures
Obedience
What was the independent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?
The authority figure
What was the dependent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?
Obedience
What percentage of participants in Milgram’s obedience experiment went all the way to 450 volts?
65% (26 out of 40)
What Milgram use to measure the behavior of obedience?
The Shock Machine
Kind of leadership style; leader makes all the decisions and assigns tasks to group members
Authoritarian
Kind of leadership style; leader is only minimally involved in group decisions making
Laissez-Faire
Kind of leadership style: leader encourages group members to come to decisions through consensus
Democratic
According to Kurt Lewin’s leadership experiment, which leadership style is the best?
Democratic
In Lewin’s leadership style experiment, what was the independent variable
Leadership Style
In Lewin’s leadership style experiment, what was the dependent variable
Productivity
Acting in accord with group norms or customs
Conformity
Approximately what percentage of participant’s conformed at least once during solomon asch’s experiment
70%
In Asch’s conformity experiment, what was the dependent variable?
conformity
An inclination to over attribute others’ behavior to internal causes and to discount situational factors
Fundamental Attribution Error
Tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to situational causes but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes
Actor-observer bias
Tendency to view one’s successes as stemming from internal factors and one’s failures as stemming from external factors
Self-Serving Bias
Optimistic Someone who tends to see positive events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have kind of explanatory style?
Optimistic Explanatory Style
Someone who tends to see negative effects as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?
Pessimistic Explanatory
Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems
Catastrophic Thinking
Belief that bad things happen to bad people
Just World Hypothesis
Just World Bias
The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way
Defensive Attribution
The tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them is called what?
False Consensus Effect
Set of assumptions about groups of people, either positive or negative, based on half-truths and non-truths
Stereotype
Preconceived attitude toward a person or group that have been formed without sufficient evidence and are not easily changed
Prejudice
The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their ethnic group, age gender, or religion
Discrimination
The belief that one’s ethnicity is superior to others
Ethnocentrism
The legal social, economic, and political oppression of an ethnic group.
Racism
A person fears doing something that could confirm a stereotype about an individual’s group
stereotype threat
a person’s performance improves because of positive stereotypes about the group to which they belong
stereotype boost
a person’s performance improves as the result of having a negative out-group stereotype
Stereotype lift
people tend to see members of their own group as more diverse than members of other groups
out-group homogeneity
In Asch’s conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one
incorrect response?
70
Kelley’s attribution theory says that people use which of the following kinds of information in
explaining events?
consensus, consistency, and
distinctiveness
Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?
Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.
On their second date, Megan confides in Francisco that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He, in
turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These two young lovers will be
brought closer together through this process of
Self-disclosure
