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AP Psych > (most of) 51-123 Vocab > Flashcards

(most of) 51-123 Vocab Flashcards

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1
Q

Name ONE of the four components of emotional intelligence

A

Social Awareness

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2
Q

What does APA stand for?

A

American Psychological Association

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3
Q

In the United States, how many states ban conversion therapy for minors?

A

20

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4
Q

What philosophical position states that knowledge comes primarily from sensory experience?

A

Empiricism

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5
Q

Name the American psychologist who is considered the father of education and child psychology

A

G. Stanley Hall

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6
Q

What state passed the world’s first Eugenics sterilization law in 1907?

A

Indiana

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7
Q

What state sterilized the most Americans and a disproportionately high number of Mexican-Americans?

A

California

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8
Q

Name the landmark 1967 Supreme Court decision which ruled that laws banning interracial marriage violate the 14th Amendment.

A

Loving V. Virginia

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9
Q

Name ALL 6 Contemporary Approaches to Psychology

A

Behaviorism, Humanism, Biological, Psychoanalytic, Social, Cognitive

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10
Q

Sigmund Freud compared the mind to what large natural object?

A

An Iceberg

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11
Q

The biggest criticism of Psychoanalytic Psychology is that it is what?

A

Unscientific

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12
Q

Name Sigmund Freud’s newphew

A

Edward Bernays

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13
Q

Sigmund Freud believed women suffer from what?

A

Penis envy

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14
Q

Karen Horney believed men suffered from what?

A

Womb envy

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15
Q

Edward Bernays is responsible for convincing women to do what?

A

Smoke

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16
Q

Name the psychologist who wrote the first IQ tedt

A

Alfred Binet

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17
Q

What University used Binet’s IQ test to promote racism?

A

Stanford University

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18
Q

The 3 Box Model includes what 3 kinds of memory

A

Sensory memory, Short-term memory, Long-term Memory

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19
Q

What term refers to the use of coded racist language to garner support from a specific political group?

A

Political do gwhistle

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20
Q

What term refers to the ability of the brain to form new connections, in response to learning or experience?

A

Plasticity

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21
Q

Which approach to psychology is called the Third Force and takes an optimistic view of human nature?

A

Humanism

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22
Q

Which kind of psycholgy believes all people have a need fo personal growth and a need to fulfill their potential?

A

Humanism

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23
Q

Which kind of psychological therapy includes active listening, empathy, and unconditional love?

A

Humanism

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24
Q

Name the two founding fathers of Humanistic Psychology

A

Carl Rogers, Abraham Maslow

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25
Q

What’s the key word for psychoanalytic psychology?

A

unconscious

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26
Q

What is the key word for behavioral psychology?

A

learning

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27
Q

What is the key word for cognitive psychology?

A

Thinking

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28
Q

at is the key word for social psychology?

A

Groups

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29
Q

What is the key word for humanistic psychology?

A

Self

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30
Q

What is the key word for biological psychology?

A

The Brain

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31
Q

Kind of psychologist who deals with common workplace issues such as increasing worker productivity

A

Industrial/organizational psychologist

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32
Q

Kind of psychologist who deals with such issues as substance abuse, and the mental health of children

A

Clinical psychologist

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33
Q

Kind of psychologist who deals with clients who have less serious mental health issues

A

Counseling psychologist

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34
Q

King of psychologist who studies how people grow/change as they age

A

Developmental Psychologist

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35
Q

Kind of psychologist who works to promote the cognitive, social, and emotional development of students

A

School psychologist

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36
Q

Kind of psychologist who applies psychological principles to civil and criminal legal issues

A

Forensic psychologist

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37
Q

What is the date of the AP Psychology Exam?

A

Tuesday, May 2nd, 2023

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38
Q

How many multiple choice questions are on the AP Psychology Exam?

A

100

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39
Q

How many free response questions are on the AP Psychology Exam?

A

2

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40
Q

What is the average cost of college in the US?

A

$35,000 per student per year

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41
Q

What word refers to the small group of people out of a total population being studied?

A

Sample

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42
Q

One way to avoid a non-representative sample is to give each individual an equal chance of being represented. What is this called?

A

Random Sampling

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43
Q

The extent to which the sample differs from the population is known as what?

A

Sampling Error

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44
Q

What term refers to subgroups in the population being proportionately represented in the sample?

A

Stratified Sampling

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45
Q

Research method in which the psychologist observes a subject in a natural setting without interfering

A

Naturalistic observation

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46
Q

Research method that involves an intensive investigation of one or more participants

A

Case Study

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47
Q

Research method in which data is collected about a sample over a number of years

A

Longitudinal study

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48
Q

Research method in which information is obtained by asking many individuals a fixed set of questions

A

Survey

49
Q

Any factor that is capable of change

A

Variable

50
Q

The measure of a relationship between two variables

A

Correlation

51
Q

What kind of correlation exists when both variables move in the same direction?

A

Positive Correlation

52
Q

What kind of correlation exists when two variable move in opposite directions?

A

Negative correlation

53
Q

What is the only kind of research method which establishes a cause-and-effect relationship between two variables?

A

Experiment

54
Q

In an experiment, which group receives the independent variable?

A

Experimental group

55
Q

In an experiment, which group does not receive the independent variable?

A

Control Group

56
Q

What is an experiment called in which the participants are unaware of which participants received the treatment?

A

Single-blind experiment

57
Q

What is an experiment called in which both the participants and the experimenter are unaware of which participants received the treatment?

A

Double-blind experiment

58
Q

In an experiment, the variable controlled by the experimenter is called what?

A

Independent Variable

59
Q

In an experiment, a change in the independent variable should produce a change in what other variable?

A

Dependent variable

60
Q

Any difference between the experimental condition and the control condition with the exception of the independent variable is known as what?

A

Confounding Variable

61
Q

Please name two kinds of confounding variables

A

Participant-Relevant
Situation-Relevant

62
Q

Explain how a variable will be measured

A

Operational defintion

63
Q

What two kinds of experiments can be conducted?

A

Laboratory and Field

64
Q

What are the two kinds of statistics?

A

Descriptive and Inferential

65
Q

What are two other terms for a normal curve?

A

Bell-Shaped
Symmetrical

66
Q

What percent of population falls within 1 standard deviation of the mean?

A

68%

67
Q

What percent of population falls within 2 standard deviation of the mean?

A

95%

68
Q

What percentage of the population falls within 3 standard deviations of the mean?

A

99%

69
Q

How do you calculate standard deviation?

A

Square root of the Variance

70
Q

How do you calculate variance?

A

Square of standard deviation

71
Q

If the probability that results are due to change is less than 5%, then the results are considered what?

A

Statistically Significant

72
Q

Upon hearing about research findings, people have a tendency to think they knew it all along.

A

Hindsight bias

73
Q

One way to graph a correlation

A

Scatter Plot

74
Q

What does IRB stand for?

A

Institutional Review Board

75
Q

Ethical standard: Participation must be voluntary

A

No Coercion

76
Q

Ethical Standard: Participants must know that they are involved in research and agree to be involved in the research.

A

Informed Consent

77
Q

Some people thought Stanley Milgram’s experiment on obedience violated what ethical standard?

A

Risk

78
Q

The scientific study of how our thoughts, feelings, perceptions, and behaviors are influenced by the groups we belong to

A

Social Psychology

79
Q

Who conducted the leadership style experiment?

A

Kurt Lewin

80
Q

Who conducted the conformity experiment?

A

Solomon Asch

81
Q

Who conducted the obedience to authority experiment?

A

Stanley Milgram

82
Q

Who conducted the stanford prison experiment?

A

Philip Zimbardo

83
Q

Change in behavior brought about by social pressure to comply with people perceived to be authority figures

A

Obedience

84
Q

What was the independent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

The authority figure

85
Q

What was the dependent variable in Milgram’s obedience experiment?

A

Obedience

86
Q

What percentage of participants in Milgram’s obedience experiment went all the way to 450 volts?

A

65% (26 out of 40)

87
Q

What Milgram use to measure the behavior of obedience?

A

The Shock Machine

88
Q

Kind of leadership style; leader makes all the decisions and assigns tasks to group members

A

Authoritarian

89
Q

Kind of leadership style; leader is only minimally involved in group decisions making

A

Laissez-Faire

90
Q

Kind of leadership style: leader encourages group members to come to decisions through consensus

A

Democratic

91
Q

According to Kurt Lewin’s leadership experiment, which leadership style is the best?

A

Democratic

92
Q

In Lewin’s leadership style experiment, what was the independent variable

A

Leadership Style

93
Q

In Lewin’s leadership style experiment, what was the dependent variable

A

Productivity

94
Q

Acting in accord with group norms or customs

A

Conformity

95
Q

Approximately what percentage of participant’s conformed at least once during solomon asch’s experiment

A

70%

96
Q

In Asch’s conformity experiment, what was the dependent variable?

A

conformity

97
Q

An inclination to over attribute others’ behavior to internal causes and to discount situational factors

A

Fundamental Attribution Error

98
Q

Tendency to attribute one’s own behavior to situational causes but to attribute the behavior of others to dispositional causes

A

Actor-observer bias

99
Q

Tendency to view one’s successes as stemming from internal factors and one’s failures as stemming from external factors

A

Self-Serving Bias

100
Q

Optimistic Someone who tends to see positive events as being internal, stable, and global is said to have kind of explanatory style?

A

Optimistic Explanatory Style

101
Q

Someone who tends to see negative effects as being internal, stable, and global is said to have what kind of explanatory style?

A

Pessimistic Explanatory

102
Q

Unrealistically pessimistic appraisals of stress that exaggerate the magnitude of one’s problems

A

Catastrophic Thinking

103
Q

Belief that bad things happen to bad people

A

Just World Hypothesis
Just World Bias

104
Q

The tendency to blame victims for their misfortune so that one feels less likely to be victimized in a similar way

A

Defensive Attribution

105
Q

The tendency for people to overestimate the number of people who agree with them is called what?

A

False Consensus Effect

106
Q

Set of assumptions about groups of people, either positive or negative, based on half-truths and non-truths

A

Stereotype

107
Q

Preconceived attitude toward a person or group that have been formed without sufficient evidence and are not easily changed

A

Prejudice

108
Q

The unequal treatment of individuals on the basis of their ethnic group, age gender, or religion

A

Discrimination

109
Q

The belief that one’s ethnicity is superior to others

A

Ethnocentrism

110
Q

The legal social, economic, and political oppression of an ethnic group.

A

Racism

111
Q

A person fears doing something that could confirm a stereotype about an individual’s group

A

stereotype threat

112
Q

a person’s performance improves because of positive stereotypes about the group to which they belong

A

stereotype boost

113
Q

a person’s performance improves as the result of having a negative out-group stereotype

A

Stereotype lift

114
Q

people tend to see members of their own group as more diverse than members of other groups

A

out-group homogeneity

115
Q

In Asch’s conformity study, approximately what percentage of participants gave at least one
incorrect response?

A

70

116
Q

Kelley’s attribution theory says that people use which of the following kinds of information in
explaining events?

A

consensus, consistency, and
distinctiveness

117
Q

Which of the following is the best example of prejudice?

A

Santiago dislikes cheerleaders.

118
Q

On their second date, Megan confides in Francisco that she still loves to watch Rugrats. He, in
turn, tells her that he still cries when he watches Bambi. These two young lovers will be
brought closer together through this process of

A

Self-disclosure

AP Psych (1 decks)

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