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First Aid > MOSt impt > Flashcards

MOSt impt Flashcards

1
Q

prevalence equation

A

cases / total # people in population

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2
Q

incidence equation

A

cases / # people at risk

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3
Q

5-alpha-reductase job

A

convert testosterone to DHT

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4
Q

aromatase job

A

excess testosterone converted to estradiol

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5
Q

List all 7 neutrophil chemotactic factors (must know main 3)

A
  1. C5a
  2. IL-8
  3. LTB4
  4. 5-HETE (Leukotriene precursor)
  5. kallikrein
  6. platelet activating factor
  7. N-fmet (bact)
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6
Q

2 possible diagnoses for ring-enhancing lesions in a HIV/AIDs patient

A
  1. Toxoplasmosis

2. Primary CNS (B-cell) Lymphoma

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7
Q

Electrolyte disturbances from taking Thiazide diuretics. what happens to

  1. sodium
  2. potassium
  3. Glucose
  4. Uric acid
A

low sodium and low potassium

high glucose and high uric acid

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8
Q

pre-central gyrus vs post-central gyrus, which is motor which is sensory?

A

pre-central –> motor

post-central –> sensory

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9
Q

zero order kinetics vs first order kinetics

A

Zero order kinetics:
constant rate of elimination, independent of drug concentration. Graph is linear

First-order kinetics
rate of elimination is proportional to drug concentration, so there’s constant FRACTION eliminated per unit time. Graph decreases exponentially

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10
Q

Describe the graph of a competitive antagonist

A

same Vmax (efficacy), different starting point less potent

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11
Q

Describe the graph of a non-competitive antagonist

A

reduced Vmax (efficacy), same starting point.

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12
Q

Clotting factor in extrinsic coagulation cascade

A

factor VII

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13
Q

CD40-ligand is expressed on which cell?

A

B-cell

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14
Q

Which cells express RANK-ligand?

Which cells express RANK/NFKB?

A

RANK-ligand is on oteoBlasts

RANK/NFKB is on osteoClasts

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15
Q

How do you distinguish between pleural effusion vs pneumonia on lung auscultation using:

  • Percussion
  • Tactile fremitus
A

both show dullness to percussion

Pleural effusions has decreased fremitus
Pneumonia has increased fremitus

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16
Q

Diabetes drug that affects PPAR?

A

pioglitazone

17
Q

What do you know about Pioglitazone

A
  • Anti-hyperglycemic drug used in the treatment of type II diabetes
  • Activates PPAR-gamma to increase insulin sensitivity and levels of adiponectin
  • Regulates fatty acid storage
  • May cause weight gain, edema, heart failure
18
Q

Uterine artery is a branch of what?

A

Internal iliac Artery

19
Q

What does DHT do?

A

responsible for the development of male external genatalia

20
Q

What happens when DHT is deficient?

Blockade of which enzyme will cause this?

A

DHT responsible for development of male external genitalia

5-alpha-reductase deficiency results in low levels of DHT
–> only affects 46, XY (not XX) and they either are born with ambiguous genitalia or appear phenotypically female. They will have normal male internal genitalia

21
Q

Auer rods seen in which leukemia?

A

AML

22
Q

Which leukemia do you treat with vitamin A?

A

AML (has Auer rods)

23
Q

Most susceptible part of kidney to ischemia

A

PCT and TAL

24
Q

Which diuretics cause hypokalemia

A

Loops and thiazides

25
Q

Hyper IgM syndrome?

A 
Deficient CD40-ligand on B-cells (but normal level of actual B-cells)
--> so can't class switch from IgM to make IgA or IgG
26
Q

Which drug blocks 5-alpha-reductase?

A

Finesteride

27
Q

Which clotting factor is deficient in Hemophilia A

A

factor VIII

28
Q

In which part of the cell do post-transcriptional modifications take place?

A

inside the nucleus

29
Q

What classification of receptor does vitamin D bind

A

nuclear receptor

30
Q

Lactic acidosis consumes _____ and makes ______?

A

consumes NADH and makes NAD+

31
Q

Function of astrocytes

A

uptake amino acid neurotransmitters like glutamate, GABA, glycine)

32
Q

Function of microglial cells

A

phagocytosis of recycled synaptic terminal membrane

33
Q

Lymph from the cervix drains to which nodes?

A

Internal iliac nodes

34
Q

Lymph from which structures drain into the Internal Iliac nodes?

A
  • cervix
  • bladder
  • prostate
  • anal canal above pectinate line
35
Q

Lymph from which structures drain into the superficial inguinal nodes?

A
  • labia majora and vulva,
  • Scrotum
  • anal canal below the pectinate line

First Aid (3 decks)

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