Most Commons Flashcards
1
Q
MC intraluminal calcification
A
gallbladder stone
2
Q
MC type of parenchymal abdominal calcification
A
mesenteric LN calcification
3
Q
MC type of IM calcification
A
injection granuloma
4
Q
Most sensitive and pathognomonic sign of acute cholecystitis
A
emphysematous cholecystitis
5
Q
MC cause of an enlarged unilateral kidney
A
duplex system
6
Q
MC cause of increased sinus fat
A
obesity
7
Q
MC form of pseudotumor
A
columns of Bertin
8
Q
MC vascular impression defect
A
crossing defect on the superior infundibulum
9
Q
MC part of the kidney involved in impressions and parietal obstruction
A
superior infundibulum
10
Q
MC type of backflow
A
pyelosinus
11
Q
Most frequent site of compounded calyces
A
upper poles
12
Q
MC indication for vasovesiculography
A
evaluation of male infertility secondary to obstructive azoospermia
13
Q
MC current use of cavernorography
A
evaluation of erectile impotence
14
Q
MC renal anomaly in the fetus
A
hydronephrosis
15
Q
MC cause of bilateral hydronephrosis
A
posterior ureteral valves
16
Q
MC form of crossed fused ectopia
A
lower pole of the uncrossed kidney is fused with the crossed kidney
17
Q
MC site of ureteral valves
A
near UVJ (60%)
18
Q
MC type of urachal anomaly
A
patent urachus (50%) ( 2nd mc -urachal cyst (30%))
19
Q
MC complication of urachal cyst
A
Staph aureus infection
20
Q
Most severe of the ventral mass defects
A
extrophy of the cloaca
21
Q
MC location of bladder diverticula
A
UB base, ureteral hiatus (98%) (Hutch’sdiverticula)
22
Q
MC anomaly associated with scaphoid megalourethra
A
Prune-belly syndrome
23
Q
MC group of undescended testes
A
retractile (70%)
24
Q
MC cause of prostatic hypoplasia
A
defect of the mesenchyme surrounding the urethra
25
MC involved muscle in Prune-belly syndrome
lower rectus muscle
26
MC form of Prune- belly syndrome
Type I Potter’s syndrome (oligohydramnios)
27
MC cause of female pseudohermaphrodism
adrenal hyperplasia
28
MC cause of pyuria
UTI
29
MC bacteria in xanthagranulomatous pyelonephritis
Proteus mirabilis, Staph aureus
30
MC foreign body in the GUT
indwelling catheter
31
MC site of malakoplakia
UB
32
MC CT pattern of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis
wedge-shaped zones of diminished attenuation
33
MC cause of VUR
congenital anomaly of the UV junction
34
MC cause of secondary VUR
paraureteral or Hutch’s type of diverticulum of the UB
35
MC etiology of viral cystitis
AdenovirusType II
36
MC fungal pathogen in the UB
Candida albicans
37
MC reportable infectious disease in the US
Gonorrhea
38
Most frequent pathology for NGU
C. trachomatis and U.urealyticum
39
MC seminal vesicle abscess secondary to congenital mesonephric duct anomaly
ectopic ureteral insertion
40
Most commonly encoumtered inflammation of the scrotum
epidydimitis
41
MC cause of epidydimitis
retrograde flow from urethra / prostate / vas deferens
42
MC fistulous tracts in Crohn's disease
enterocervical
43
MC kidney-intestinal communication
nephrocolic
44
Most frequent GIT tumor to metastasize in the UB
melanoma (2nd mc: gastric)
45
MC fungal infection of the GUT
c. albicans
46
MC organ infected by echinococcus
liver (2nd mc is the lungs)
47
MC multiloculated renal mass
multilocular cystic nephroma and multiloculated renal cell CA
48
MC renal mass
simple renal cyst
49
Most prevalent hereditary renal disease
ADPKD
50
MC osseous finding in tubular sclerosis
medullary condensation of cortical bone (bone islands)
51
MC cutaneous lesions in tuberous sclerosis
facial angiofibroma
52
MC renal tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis
angiodysplasia
53
MC association of MDKD
complete atresia of the pelvis or ureter
54
MC benign tumor of the renal medulla
fibromas
55
MC primary renal CA
RCCA ( 86%) (2nd MC Wilm’s)
56
MC renal neoplasm of children
Wilm’s tumor or nephroblastoma
57
MC source of renal metastasis
lung CA ( 2nd breast)
58
MC urinary bladder tumor
transitional (2nd most common leiomyosarcoma)
59
MC site of ureteral mets
retroperitoneal LN (17%) or liver (17%)
60
MC UB CA sec to Schistosoma
SCCA
61
MC tumor of the dome of the UB
adenoCA
62
MC tumor of the bladder in childhood
embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid sarcoma) 50-65%
63
MC abnormality sec to RT
bullous edema
64
MC symptom with UB tumor
hematuria
65
MC urachal tumor
adenoCA
66
MC prostatic CA
adenoCA
67
MC site of hematogenous spread sec to prostatic CA
bone
68
MC benign epithelial tumor of the prostate
transitional cell papilloma
69
MC malignant urethral tumor
SCCA and TCCA (SCCA for males –78%; TCCA for females -74%)
70
MC site for urethral SCCA/TCCA
bulbomembranous region
71
MC neoplasm in young adult males
testicular tumors
72
MC type of testicular tumor
seminoma
73
MC combination of testicular tumor
embryonal cell CA and teratoma (14-32%)
74
MC UT appearance of testicular tumor
hyperechoic (80%)
75
MC neoplasm of the paratesticular tissues
tumors of the epididymis (MC adenomatoid tumor-32%)
76
MC tumor of the spermatic cord
rhabdomyosarcoma - 40% (2nd MC lipoma)
77
MC sarcoma of the pediatric kidney
rhabdomyosarcoma
78
Most frequently injured organ in blunt trauma
kidneys
79
MC cause of iatrogenic ureteral injury
radical hysterectomy
80
MC urographic manifestation of urethral injury
hydronephrosis (90%)
81
MC organ injured with pelvic fracture
urinary bladder
82
MC benign epithelial tumor of the urethra
papillary adenoma (transitional cell papilloma)
83
MC abdominal mass in the neonate
hydronephrosis & multicystic dysplastic kidney
84
MC etiology of intrinsic infundibular stenosis of the calyx
congenital (pedia); TB (adult)
85
MC association of megacalyces
megaureter
86
MC cause of ureteral rupture (nontraumatic;non
iatrogenic-stones
87
MC performed operation for UPJ repair
dismembered pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hymes)
88
MC obstruction of normally placed ureters in children with primary obstruction
megaureter
89
MC type of circumcaval ureter
type I (low loop); (fishhook or J-shape)
90
MC primary ureteral tumor
TCCA & papilloma
91
MC source of ureteral mucosal metatasis
TCCA in the GUT
92
MC cause of intrinsic urethral obstruction in children
posterior valves (80%
93
MC type of posterior urethral valves
type I
94
MC primary CA of the ureters
SCCA (in bulbar/ bulbomembranous)
95
MC cause of meatal stenosis in children
meatitis after circumcision
96
MC type of stone
calcium oxalate
97
MC constituent of staghorn calculi
struvite apatite
98
MC infecting agent in UB stone
Proteus mirabilis
99
MC etiology of cortical nephrocalcinosis
acute cortical necrosis& chronic GN
100
MC etiology of medullary nephrocalcinosis
primary hyperparathyroidism (2nd MC RTA)
101
MC etiology of cortical and medullary naphrocalcinosis
oxalosis
102
MC type of UB stone also with outlet obstruction
uric acid
103
MC worldwide cause of intramural UB calcification
billharziasis (S. hematobium)
104
MC etiology of neuropathic bladder dysfunction in children
myelodysplasia
105
MC form of spina bifida
spina bifida occulta
106
MC etiology of male urinary incontinence
sphincter mechanism 2’ to primary prostatectomy
107
Most frequent form of ureteral insufficiency
stress urinary incontinence
108
MC renal fusion anomaly
horseshoe kidney
109
MC renal fibrodysplastic stenosis
medial fibrodysplasia with aneurysms -adult (fibromuscular hyperplasia)
110
Most common radiographic procedure causing renal artery stenosis
arteriography & vascular intervention procedures
111
MC renal fibrodysplastic stenosis in children and infants
intimal fibrodysplasia (MC cause of renal artery stenosis in children)
112
MC adrenal lesion in Cushings syndrome
adrenal hyperplasia
113
MC cause of cushings syndrome
adrenal hyperplasia
114
MC pituitary tumor in cushings syndrome
basophilic adenoma
115
MC enzymatic defect in adrenal hyperplasia (congenital)
deficiency in 21 hydroxylase (2nd MC- B - hydroxylase deficiency)
116
MC cause of adrenocortical insufficiency
idiopathic atrophy on autoimmune basis
117
MC cause of adrenal insufficiency due to granulomatous infection
TB (in underdeveloped countries); histoplasmosis (SE, SC US)
118
MC cause of bilateral adrenal masses
metastases
119
MC form of vesicoenteric fistulas
colovesical
120
MC cause of vesicouterine fistulas
LSCS
121
MC cause of acute renal failure
acute injury to the renal parenchyma
122
MC back flow
pyelo-tubular
123
MC source of vascular impressions
superior infundibular, R
124
MC type of fusion anomaly
horseshoe kidney
125
MC congenital anomaly in the urinary tract
ureteropelvic dysjunction
126
MC type of functional obstruction above the UB
ureteropelvic junction obstruction
127
MC type of site for ureteral calculi to lodge
at or above the UVJ
128
MC finding of renal TB
slight irregularity of the involved calyx
129
MC finding in chronic pyelonephritis
decrease in the amount of renal parenchyma,usually in one pole
130
MC cause of abdominal mass in an infant
multicystic kidney
131
MC unifocal renal mass
simple cyst
132
MC cause of renal artery aneurysm
bifurcation of renal artery
133
MC cause of renal artery occlusion
embolism in patients with cardiac disease
134
Most valuable sign (in the cooperative study) in renovascular hypertension
delay in appearance or a distinct …..
135
MC cause of renal artery obstruction
areteriosclerotic disease
136
MC gross morphologic form in fibromuscular dysplasia
multifocal (string of beads)
137
MC renal malignant neoplasm
adenocarcinoma vs. hypernephroma
138
MC abdominal neoplasm in infancy and childhood
Wilm’s tumor
139
MC malignant tumor of the renal pelvis
TCCA
140
MC benign tumor of the ureter
benign fibrous polyps
141
MC site of involvement of the retroperitoneal fibroids
fibrosis opposite the L4 - L5 vertebra
142
MC cause of bladder obstruction
BPH
143
MC cause of vesico
ureteral reflux - infection
144
MC cause region of most malignant tumors in the UB
trigone
145
MC tumor in the UB
“benign” papillomas
146
MC symptom of UB CA
urinary retention
147
MC cause of adrenal calcifications
hemorrhagic (R>L)
