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GUT Radiology > Most Commons > Flashcards

Most Commons Flashcards

1
Q

MC intraluminal calcification

A

gallbladder stone

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2
Q

MC type of parenchymal abdominal calcification

A

mesenteric LN calcification

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3
Q

MC type of IM calcification

A

injection granuloma

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4
Q

Most sensitive and pathognomonic sign of acute cholecystitis

A

emphysematous cholecystitis

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5
Q

MC cause of an enlarged unilateral kidney

A

duplex system

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6
Q

MC cause of increased sinus fat

A

obesity

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7
Q

MC form of pseudotumor

A

columns of Bertin

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8
Q

MC vascular impression defect

A

crossing defect on the superior infundibulum

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9
Q

MC part of the kidney involved in impressions and parietal obstruction

A

superior infundibulum

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10
Q

MC type of backflow

A

pyelosinus

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11
Q

Most frequent site of compounded calyces

A

upper poles

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12
Q

MC indication for vasovesiculography

A

evaluation of male infertility secondary to obstructive azoospermia

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13
Q

MC current use of cavernorography

A

evaluation of erectile impotence

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14
Q

MC renal anomaly in the fetus

A

hydronephrosis

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15
Q

MC cause of bilateral hydronephrosis

A

posterior ureteral valves

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16
Q

MC form of crossed fused ectopia

A

lower pole of the uncrossed kidney is fused with the crossed kidney

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17
Q

MC site of ureteral valves

A

near UVJ (60%)

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18
Q

MC type of urachal anomaly

A

patent urachus (50%) ( 2nd mc -urachal cyst (30%))

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19
Q

MC complication of urachal cyst

A

Staph aureus infection

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20
Q

Most severe of the ventral mass defects

A

extrophy of the cloaca

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21
Q

MC location of bladder diverticula

A

UB base, ureteral hiatus (98%) (Hutch’sdiverticula)

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22
Q

MC anomaly associated with scaphoid megalourethra

A

Prune-belly syndrome

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23
Q

MC group of undescended testes

A

retractile (70%)

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24
Q

MC cause of prostatic hypoplasia

A

defect of the mesenchyme surrounding the urethra

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25
Q

MC involved muscle in Prune-belly syndrome

A

lower rectus muscle

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26
Q

MC form of Prune- belly syndrome

A

Type I Potter’s syndrome (oligohydramnios)

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27
Q

MC cause of female pseudohermaphrodism

A

adrenal hyperplasia

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28
Q

MC cause of pyuria

A

UTI

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29
Q

MC bacteria in xanthagranulomatous pyelonephritis

A

Proteus mirabilis, Staph aureus

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30
Q

MC foreign body in the GUT

A

indwelling catheter

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31
Q

MC site of malakoplakia

A

UB

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32
Q

MC CT pattern of acute uncomplicated pyelonephritis

A

wedge-shaped zones of diminished attenuation

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33
Q

MC cause of VUR

A

congenital anomaly of the UV junction

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34
Q

MC cause of secondary VUR

A

paraureteral or Hutch’s type of diverticulum of the UB

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35
Q

MC etiology of viral cystitis

A

AdenovirusType II

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36
Q

MC fungal pathogen in the UB

A

Candida albicans

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37
Q

MC reportable infectious disease in the US

A

Gonorrhea

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38
Q

Most frequent pathology for NGU

A

C. trachomatis and U.urealyticum

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39
Q

MC seminal vesicle abscess secondary to congenital mesonephric duct anomaly

A

ectopic ureteral insertion

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40
Q

Most commonly encoumtered inflammation of the scrotum

A

epidydimitis

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41
Q

MC cause of epidydimitis

A

retrograde flow from urethra / prostate / vas deferens

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42
Q

MC fistulous tracts in Crohn’s disease

A

enterocervical

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43
Q

MC kidney-intestinal communication

A

nephrocolic

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44
Q

Most frequent GIT tumor to metastasize in the UB

A

melanoma (2nd mc: gastric)

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45
Q

MC fungal infection of the GUT

A

c. albicans

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46
Q

MC organ infected by echinococcus

A

liver (2nd mc is the lungs)

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47
Q

MC multiloculated renal mass

A

multilocular cystic nephroma and multiloculated renal cell CA

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48
Q

MC renal mass

A

simple renal cyst

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49
Q

Most prevalent hereditary renal disease

A

ADPKD

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50
Q

MC osseous finding in tubular sclerosis

A

medullary condensation of cortical bone (bone islands)

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51
Q

MC cutaneous lesions in tuberous sclerosis

A

facial angiofibroma

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52
Q

MC renal tumor associated with tuberous sclerosis

A

angiodysplasia

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53
Q

MC association of MDKD

A

complete atresia of the pelvis or ureter

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54
Q

MC benign tumor of the renal medulla

A

fibromas

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55
Q

MC primary renal CA

A

RCCA ( 86%) (2nd MC Wilm’s)

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56
Q

MC renal neoplasm of children

A

Wilm’s tumor or nephroblastoma

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57
Q

MC source of renal metastasis

A

lung CA ( 2nd breast)

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58
Q

MC urinary bladder tumor

A

transitional (2nd most common leiomyosarcoma)

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59
Q

MC site of ureteral mets

A

retroperitoneal LN (17%) or liver (17%)

60
Q

MC UB CA sec to Schistosoma

61
Q

MC tumor of the dome of the UB

62
Q

MC tumor of the bladder in childhood

A

embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma (botryoid sarcoma) 50-65%

63
Q

MC abnormality sec to RT

A

bullous edema

64
Q

MC symptom with UB tumor

65
Q

MC urachal tumor

66
Q

MC prostatic CA

67
Q

MC site of hematogenous spread sec to prostatic CA

68
Q

MC benign epithelial tumor of the prostate

A

transitional cell papilloma

69
Q

MC malignant urethral tumor

A

SCCA and TCCA (SCCA for males –78%; TCCA for females -74%)

70
Q

MC site for urethral SCCA/TCCA

A

bulbomembranous region

71
Q

MC neoplasm in young adult males

A

testicular tumors

72
Q

MC type of testicular tumor

73
Q

MC combination of testicular tumor

A

embryonal cell CA and teratoma (14-32%)

74
Q

MC UT appearance of testicular tumor

A

hyperechoic (80%)

75
Q

MC neoplasm of the paratesticular tissues

A

tumors of the epididymis (MC adenomatoid tumor-32%)

76
Q

MC tumor of the spermatic cord

A

rhabdomyosarcoma - 40% (2nd MC lipoma)

77
Q

MC sarcoma of the pediatric kidney

A

rhabdomyosarcoma

78
Q

Most frequently injured organ in blunt trauma

79
Q

MC cause of iatrogenic ureteral injury

A

radical hysterectomy

80
Q

MC urographic manifestation of urethral injury

A

hydronephrosis (90%)

81
Q

MC organ injured with pelvic fracture

A

urinary bladder

82
Q

MC benign epithelial tumor of the urethra

A

papillary adenoma (transitional cell papilloma)

83
Q

MC abdominal mass in the neonate

A

hydronephrosis & multicystic dysplastic kidney

84
Q

MC etiology of intrinsic infundibular stenosis of the calyx

A

congenital (pedia); TB (adult)

85
Q

MC association of megacalyces

A

megaureter

86
Q

MC cause of ureteral rupture (nontraumatic;non

A

iatrogenic-stones

87
Q

MC performed operation for UPJ repair

A

dismembered pyeloplasty (Anderson-Hymes)

88
Q

MC obstruction of normally placed ureters in children with primary obstruction

A

megaureter

89
Q

MC type of circumcaval ureter

A

type I (low loop); (fishhook or J-shape)

90
Q

MC primary ureteral tumor

A

TCCA & papilloma

91
Q

MC source of ureteral mucosal metatasis

A

TCCA in the GUT

92
Q

MC cause of intrinsic urethral obstruction in children

A

posterior valves (80%

93
Q

MC type of posterior urethral valves

94
Q

MC primary CA of the ureters

A

SCCA (in bulbar/ bulbomembranous)

95
Q

MC cause of meatal stenosis in children

A

meatitis after circumcision

96
Q

MC type of stone

A

calcium oxalate

97
Q

MC constituent of staghorn calculi

A

struvite apatite

98
Q

MC infecting agent in UB stone

A

Proteus mirabilis

99
Q

MC etiology of cortical nephrocalcinosis

A

acute cortical necrosis& chronic GN

100
Q

MC etiology of medullary nephrocalcinosis

A

primary hyperparathyroidism (2nd MC RTA)

101
Q

MC etiology of cortical and medullary naphrocalcinosis

102
Q

MC type of UB stone also with outlet obstruction

103
Q

MC worldwide cause of intramural UB calcification

A

billharziasis (S. hematobium)

104
Q

MC etiology of neuropathic bladder dysfunction in children

A

myelodysplasia

105
Q

MC form of spina bifida

A

spina bifida occulta

106
Q

MC etiology of male urinary incontinence

A

sphincter mechanism 2’ to primary prostatectomy

107
Q

Most frequent form of ureteral insufficiency

A

stress urinary incontinence

108
Q

MC renal fusion anomaly

A

horseshoe kidney

109
Q

MC renal fibrodysplastic stenosis

A

medial fibrodysplasia with aneurysms -adult (fibromuscular hyperplasia)

110
Q

Most common radiographic procedure causing renal artery stenosis

A

arteriography & vascular intervention procedures

111
Q

MC renal fibrodysplastic stenosis in children and infants

A

intimal fibrodysplasia (MC cause of renal artery stenosis in children)

112
Q

MC adrenal lesion in Cushings syndrome

A

adrenal hyperplasia

113
Q

MC cause of cushings syndrome

A

adrenal hyperplasia

114
Q

MC pituitary tumor in cushings syndrome

A

basophilic adenoma

115
Q

MC enzymatic defect in adrenal hyperplasia (congenital)

A

deficiency in 21 hydroxylase (2nd MC- B - hydroxylase deficiency)

116
Q

MC cause of adrenocortical insufficiency

A

idiopathic atrophy on autoimmune basis

117
Q

MC cause of adrenal insufficiency due to granulomatous infection

A

TB (in underdeveloped countries); histoplasmosis (SE, SC US)

118
Q

MC cause of bilateral adrenal masses

A

metastases

119
Q

MC form of vesicoenteric fistulas

A

colovesical

120
Q

MC cause of vesicouterine fistulas

121
Q

MC cause of acute renal failure

A

acute injury to the renal parenchyma

122
Q

MC back flow

A

pyelo-tubular

123
Q

MC source of vascular impressions

A

superior infundibular, R

124
Q

MC type of fusion anomaly

A

horseshoe kidney

125
Q

MC congenital anomaly in the urinary tract

A

ureteropelvic dysjunction

126
Q

MC type of functional obstruction above the UB

A

ureteropelvic junction obstruction

127
Q

MC type of site for ureteral calculi to lodge

A

at or above the UVJ

128
Q

MC finding of renal TB

A

slight irregularity of the involved calyx

129
Q

MC finding in chronic pyelonephritis

A

decrease in the amount of renal parenchyma,usually in one pole

130
Q

MC cause of abdominal mass in an infant

A

multicystic kidney

131
Q

MC unifocal renal mass

A

simple cyst

132
Q

MC cause of renal artery aneurysm

A

bifurcation of renal artery

133
Q

MC cause of renal artery occlusion

A

embolism in patients with cardiac disease

134
Q

Most valuable sign (in the cooperative study) in renovascular hypertension

A

delay in appearance or a distinct …..

135
Q

MC cause of renal artery obstruction

A

areteriosclerotic disease

136
Q

MC gross morphologic form in fibromuscular dysplasia

A

multifocal (string of beads)

137
Q

MC renal malignant neoplasm

A

adenocarcinoma vs. hypernephroma

138
Q

MC abdominal neoplasm in infancy and childhood

A

Wilm’s tumor

139
Q

MC malignant tumor of the renal pelvis

140
Q

MC benign tumor of the ureter

A

benign fibrous polyps

141
Q

MC site of involvement of the retroperitoneal fibroids

A

fibrosis opposite the L4 - L5 vertebra

142
Q

MC cause of bladder obstruction

143
Q

MC cause of vesico

A

ureteral reflux - infection

144
Q

MC cause region of most malignant tumors in the UB

145
Q

MC tumor in the UB

A

“benign” papillomas

146
Q

MC symptom of UB CA

A

urinary retention

147
Q

MC cause of adrenal calcifications

A

hemorrhagic (R>L)

GUT Radiology (2 decks)

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