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TOEFL Vocabulary + Phrases > Most Common and Difficult Vocabulary > Flashcards

Most Common and Difficult Vocabulary Flashcards

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1
Q

Abundant

A

Present in large quantities.

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2
Q

Accumulate

A

To gradually collect.

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3
Q

Accurate

A

Correct; free from errors.

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4
Q

Accustomed

A

Used to something.

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5
Q

Acquire

A

To come into possession of.

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6
Q

Adamant

A

Refusing to change an opinion.

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7
Q

Adequate

A

Enough to suit your needs.

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8
Q

Adjacent

A

Close to or next to.

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9
Q

Adjust

A

To change something so it serves its purpose better.

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10
Q

Advantage

A

Something that makes it easier to achieve success.

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11
Q

Advocate

A

To publicly support.

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12
Q

Adverse

A

Unfavorable; against one’s desires.

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13
Q

Aggregate

A

To combine.

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14
Q

Aggressive

A

Assertive and pushy.

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15
Q

Allocate

A

To put aside for a specific purpose.

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16
Q

Alternative

A

Another option or choice.

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17
Q

Amateur

A

Someone who is inexperienced or not highly skilled in a particular area.

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18
Q

Ambiguous

A

Having several potential meanings; unclear and difficult to understand.

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19
Q

Ambitious

A

Having large goals.

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20
Q

Amend

A

To change for the better; to improve.

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21
Q

Ample

A

Plentiful.

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22
Q

Anomaly

A

Deviation from the norm.

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23
Q

Annual

A

Occurring yearly.

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24
Q

Antagonize

A

To tease or be hostile towards a person or group.

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25
Q

Attitude

A

Manner or feeling.

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26
Q

Attribute

A

To give credit.

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27
Q

Arbitrary

A

Based on a whim or random decision.

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28
Q

Arduous

A

Requiring a lot of effort.

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29
Q

Assuage

A

To lessen a negative feeling.

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30
Q

Assume

A

To suppose without solid proof.

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31
Q

Augment

A

To increase or make larger.

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32
Q

Benefit

A

Something positive or advantageous.

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33
Q

Berate

A

To scold.

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34
Q

Bestow

A

To give as a gift.

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35
Q

Boast

A

To brag or talk with excessive pride.

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36
Q

Boost

A

To help raise or increase something.

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37
Q

Brash

A

Rude and tactless.

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38
Q

Brief

A

Short (in terms of time).

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39
Q

Brusque

A

Abrupt to the point of rudeness.

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40
Q

Cacophony

A

A harsh, unpleasant mixture of noise.

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41
Q

Cease

A

To stop.

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42
Q

Censure

A

To express strong disapproval.

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43
Q

Chronological

A

Arranged in order of time or date.

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44
Q

Clarify

A

To make clear; to remove confusion.

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45
Q

Coalesce

A

To combine or grow together.

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46
Q

Coerce

A

To force someone to do something against their will.

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47
Q

Cognizant

A

Being aware or having knowledge of something.

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48
Q

Cohesion

A

Uniting; becoming one.

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49
Q

Coincide

A

To occur at the same time.

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50
Q

Collapse

A

To fall down or break down.

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51
Q

Collide

A

To hit one another with a forceful impact.

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52
Q

Commitment

A

Dedication to a cause or activity.

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53
Q

Community

A

A group of people who live or work together.

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54
Q

Conceal

A

To hide.

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55
Q

Concur

A

To agree.

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56
Q

Conflict

A

A disagreement or fight.

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57
Q

Constrain

A

To restrict or repress.

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58
Q

Contemplate

A

To consider thoughtfully.

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59
Q

Continuously

A

To go on without stopping.

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60
Q

Contradict

A

To give the opposite opinion.

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61
Q

Contribute

A

To give something (usually money or time) to a common fund or cause.

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62
Q

Convey

A

To make known.

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63
Q

Copious

A

Abundant.

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64
Q

Core

A

Central; of main importance.

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65
Q

Corrode

A

To gradually wear away.

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66
Q

Cumbersome

A

Burdensome; clumsy

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67
Q

Curriculum

A

The courses given by a school or program.

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68
Q

Data

A

Facts, statistics, or pieces of information.

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69
Q

Decay

A

To decline in health or excellence.

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70
Q

Deceive

A

To trick or mislead.

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71
Q

Decipher

A

To find the meaning of.

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72
Q

Declaration

A

An announcement.

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73
Q

Decline

A
  1. To politely refuse.
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74
Q

Degrade

A

To lower in quality.

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75
Q

Demonstrate

A

To show.

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76
Q

Deny

A

To state that something isn’t true.

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77
Q

Deplete

A

To significantly decrease.

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78
Q

Deposit

A

To deliver and leave an item.

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79
Q

Desirable

A

Worth having or wanting.

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80
Q

Despise

A

To hate.

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81
Q

Detect

A

To locate something.

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82
Q

Deter

A

To discourage.

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83
Q

Deviate

A

To differ from the norm.

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84
Q

Devise

A

To plan or create.

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85
Q

Diatribe

A

A sharp criticism or attack.

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86
Q

Digress

A

To wander from the main subject.

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87
Q

Dilemma

A

A situation where one must choose between two difficult choices.

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88
Q

Diminish

A

To shrink or reduce.

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89
Q

Dispose

A

To get rid of.

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90
Q

Disproportionate

A

Too large or small when compared to something else.

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91
Q

Disrupt

A

To interrupt by causing a disturbance.

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92
Q

Distort

A

To misrepresent.

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93
Q

Distribute

A

To give portions of something.

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94
Q

Diverse

A

Showing a lot of variety.

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95
Q

Divert

A

To cause a change of course.

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96
Q

Dynamic

A

Constantly changing.

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97
Q

Ease

A

To reduce unpleasantness or difficulty.

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98
Q

Efficient

A

Maximizing productivity.

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99
Q

Eliminate

A

To remove.

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100
Q

Elite

A

A select, above-average group.

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101
Q

Eloquent

A

Moving speech or writing.

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102
Q

Emphasize

A

To give special importance to when speaking or writing.

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103
Q

Endure

A

To suffer through something difficult with patience.

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104
Q

Enhance

A

To intensify or magnify.

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105
Q

Epitome

A

A perfect example of something.

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106
Q

Equivalent

A

Equal.

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107
Q

Erroneous

A

Incorrect.

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108
Q

Estimate

A

An approximate value.

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109
Q

Evade

A

To avoid or escape.

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110
Q

Evaluate

A

To assess.

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111
Q

Evidence

A

Facts or information that help prove or disprove something.

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112
Q

Evolve

A

To gradually change.

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113
Q

Exemplary

A

Worthy of imitation.

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114
Q

Exclude

A

To leave out.

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115
Q

Exclusive

A

Not admitting the majority.

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116
Q

Expand

A

To increase in size.

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117
Q

Expertise

A

Expert knowledge or skill in a particular field.

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118
Q

Exploit

A

To use selfishly.

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119
Q

Expose

A

To reveal or unmask.

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120
Q

Extension

A

An act of making something longer.

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121
Q

Extract

A

To get or remove something.

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122
Q

Famine

A

A time when there is an extreme lack of food.

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123
Q

Feasible

A

Possible to do.

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124
Q

Finite

A

Having an end or limits.

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125
Q

Flaw

A

A feature that ruins the perfection of something.

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126
Q

Fluctuate

A

To change continually.

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127
Q

Focus

A

The central point or idea.

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128
Q

Fortify

A

To strengthen.

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129
Q

Framework

A

A skeletal structure designed to support something.

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130
Q

Frivolous

A

Unnecessary; of little importance

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131
Q

Function

A

A purpose natural to a person or thing.

132
Q

Fundamental

A

Of primary importance.

133
Q

Gap

A

A space in between to objects.

134
Q

Garbled

A

Communication that is distorted and unclear.

135
Q

Generate

A

To produce.

136
Q

Grandiose

A

Pompous; overly important.

137
Q

Hackneyed

A

Overused and unoriginal.

138
Q

Haphazard

A

Lacking planning.

139
Q

Harsh

A

Not gentle; unpleasant.

140
Q

Hasty

A

In a hurry.

141
Q

Hazardous

A

Full of risk.

142
Q

Hesitate

A

To pause, often due to reluctance.

143
Q

Hierarchy

A

A ranking system.

144
Q

Hindrance

A

Something that causes delay or resistance.

145
Q

Hollow

A

Empty inside.

146
Q

Horror

A

An intense feeling of fear.

147
Q

Hostile

A

Extremely unfriendly.

148
Q

Hypothesis

A

An unproven idea that attempts to explain something.

149
Q

Identical

A

Exactly the same.

150
Q

Illiterate

A

Unable to read.

151
Q

Illustrate

A

To explain by using an example.

152
Q

Impact

A

Effect or influence.

153
Q

Impair

A

To worsen.

154
Q

Implement

A

To carry out.

155
Q

Imply

A

To strongly suggest.

156
Q

Impose

A

To force upon.

157
Q

Impoverish

A

To reduce to poverty.

158
Q

Incentive

A

A reason to do something.

159
Q

Incessant

A

Continuing without pause.

160
Q

Incidental

A

A minor part.

161
Q

Incite

A

To urge on.

162
Q

Inclination

A

A preference.

163
Q

Incompetent

A

Incapable; lacking ability.

164
Q

Inconsistent

A

Changing randomly.

165
Q

Indefatigable

A

Untiring.

166
Q

Indisputable

A

Not able to be challenged.

167
Q

Ineffective

A

Not producing any major impact.

168
Q

Inevitable

A

Unable to be avoided.

169
Q

Infer

A

To guess based on evidence.

170
Q

Inflate

A

To increase in size.

171
Q

Influence

A

The ability to have an impact of something.

172
Q

Inhibit

A

To hinder or restrain.

173
Q

Initial

A

The first.

174
Q

Inquiry

A

An investigation to determine the truth.

175
Q

Integral

A

Necessary to complete the whole.

176
Q

Integrate

A

To combine.

177
Q

Interpret

A

To explain the meaning of something.

178
Q

Intervene

A

To come between people, objects, or an event and change what is happening.

179
Q

Intrepid

A

Fearless.

180
Q

Intricate

A

Highly detailed.

181
Q

Invasive

A

Intrusive.

182
Q

Investigate

A

To examine or study.

183
Q

Irascible

A

Easy to anger.

184
Q

Irony

A

The use of words to give a meaning opposite to their literal meaning.

185
Q

Irresolute

A

Uncertain.

186
Q

Jargon

A

Words specific to a certain job or group.

187
Q

Jointly

A

Together.

188
Q

Knack

A

A special talent or skill.

189
Q

Labor

A

Work or effort.

190
Q

Lag

A

To fall behind.

191
Q

Lampoon

A

To mock or ridicule.

192
Q

Languish

A

To become weak; to be neglected.

193
Q

Lecture

A

A talk given to an audience.

194
Q

Leery

A

Wary.

195
Q

Legitimate

A

Lawful.

196
Q

Lenient

A

Merciful; less harsh.

197
Q

Likely

A

Probable.

198
Q

Ludicrous

A

Ridiculous.

199
Q

Maintain

A

To continue at the same level.

200
Q

Major

A

Very important.

201
Q

Manipulate

A

To influence, especially in an unfair way.

202
Q

Maximize

A

To increase to the greatest possible size.

203
Q

Measure

A

To find the size and dimensions of something.

204
Q

Mediocre

A

Ordinary, average.

205
Q

Mend

A

To fix.

206
Q

Method

A

A way of doing something.

207
Q

Migrate

A

To move from one place to another.

208
Q

Minimum

A

The smallest or lowest amount possible.

209
Q

Misleading

A

Giving the wrong idea.

210
Q

Modify

A

To change.

211
Q

Morose

A

Gloomy, depressed.

212
Q

Negligent

A

Lazy, neglectful.

213
Q

Nonchalant

A

Indifferent, unexcited.

214
Q

Obey

A

To follow orders or instructions.

215
Q

Obtain

A

To get.

216
Q

Obvious

A

Easily understood.

217
Q

Opponent

A

Someone on the opposite side for a game or contest.

218
Q

Oppress

A

To unfairly burden.

219
Q

Origin

A

The source; where something began.

220
Q

Paradigm

A

A typical example of something.

221
Q

Parsimonious

A

Frugal, stingy.

222
Q

Partake

A

To join in.

223
Q

Partial

A

Preferring one option over others.

224
Q

Paucity

A

Something existing in very small amounts; scarcity.

225
Q

Peak

A

The highest or most important point.

226
Q

Peripheral

A

Located on the side or edge.

227
Q

Permeate

A

To penetrate or pass through.

228
Q

Persist

A

To continue, especially when facing opposition.

229
Q

Pertain

A

Relate.

230
Q

Phase

A

A period or stage in a process.

231
Q

Poll

A

A record of opinions or votes.

232
Q

Potent

A

Powerful.

233
Q

Pragmatic

A

Practical, sensible.

234
Q

Praise

A

To give approval or admiration.

235
Q

Precede

A

To come before.

236
Q

Precise

A

Exact.

237
Q

Prestigious

A

Having a high reputation.

238
Q

Prevalent

A

Widespread.

239
Q

Primary

A

First; most important.

240
Q

Prior

A

Previous or earlier.

241
Q

Proceed

A

To continue doing something.

242
Q

Progeny

A

Offspring.

243
Q

Promote

A

To further to progress of something.

244
Q

Prosper

A

To do well.

245
Q

Proximity

A

Nearness in time or space.

246
Q

Quarrel

A

Disagreement or fight; to have an argument.

247
Q

Range

A

The distance between two things, often the maximum and the minimum.

248
Q

Rank

A

An official position or station.

249
Q

Rebuke

A

To sternly disapprove or reprimand.

250
Q

Recapitulate

A

To give a brief summary.

251
Q

Recede

A

To retreat.

252
Q

Recommend

A

To present someone with confidence and approval.

253
Q

Reform

A

To make changes that improve something.

254
Q

Regulate

A

To supervise or control a process so that it functions correctly.

255
Q

Reinforce

A

To strengthen with added support.

256
Q

Reject

A

To say no to something that is offered.

257
Q

Release

A

To free; to allow to be known.

258
Q

Rely

A

To depend on.

259
Q

Reproach

A

To express disapproval or disappointment.

260
Q

Require

A

To need for a specific purpose.

261
Q

Resent

A

To feel bitterness or anger towards someone or something.

262
Q

Resign

A

To give up an office or position.

263
Q

Resist

A

To withstand the effect of.

264
Q

Resolve

A

To come to a firm decision.

265
Q

Restrict

A

To confine or keep within limits.

266
Q

Retain

A

To continue to do something or keep something.

267
Q

Retract

A
  1. To draw back in.
268
Q

Retrieve

A

To bring back.

269
Q

Rhetorical

A

Used just for style or impact.

270
Q

Rigid

A

Stiff; unyielding.

271
Q

Rotate

A

To turn.

272
Q

Safeguard

A

Something that serves as protection or ensures safety.

273
Q

Scrutinize

A

To very carefully examine.

274
Q

Section

A

A part of the whole.

275
Q

Select

A

To choose.

276
Q

Sequence

A

Things that follow each other in a certain order.

277
Q

Severe

A
  1. Harsh or strict.
278
Q

Shallow

A

Not deep.

279
Q

Shelter

A

To protect from something harmful.

280
Q

Shrink

A

To become smaller.

281
Q

Significant

A

Important, noteworthy.

282
Q

Source

A

A person, place, or thing where something was obtained.

283
Q

Sparse

A

Thinly scattered.

284
Q

Specify

A

To clearly indicate which one.

285
Q

Speculate

A

To form a theory without strong evidence.

286
Q

Solitary

A

Alone; without others.

287
Q

Somber

A

Gloomy; depressing.

288
Q

Soothe

A

To calm or comfort.

289
Q

Squalid

A

Filthy and unpleasant.

290
Q

Stable

A

Unlikely to change or fail.

291
Q

Stagnant

A

Sluggish, showing little movement.

292
Q

Strategy

A

A plan to reach a desired outcome.

293
Q

Subsequent

A

Coming after something in time.

294
Q

Substitute

A

A person or thing acting in place of another.

295
Q

Subtle

A

Difficult to notice right away.

296
Q

Sufficient

A

Enough to serve a particular purpose.

297
Q

Summarize

A

To briefly give the main points.

298
Q

Supervise

A

To oversee work or a process.

299
Q

Supplant

A

To take the place of something else.

300
Q

Suspend

A
  1. To temporarily stop.
301
Q

Suspicious

A

Having the belief that someone is doing something dishonest or illegal.

302
Q

Sustain

A

To keep going.

303
Q

Symbolic

A

Serving as a symbol.

304
Q

Technical

A

Relating to a specific subject or craft.

305
Q

Terminal

A

Situated at the end.

306
Q

Tolerate

A

To put up with.

307
Q

Transfer

A

To move from one place to another.

308
Q

Transition

A

Changing from one state or condition to another.

309
Q

Transparent

A
  1. See-through material.
310
Q

Tuition

A

The fee for instruction at a school.

311
Q

Unobtrusive

A

Not attracting attention.

312
Q

Unscathed

A

Unharmed.

313
Q

Upbeat

A

Happy; optimistic.

314
Q

Unjust

A

Unfair.

315
Q

Vacillate

A

To waver or be indecisive.

316
Q

Valid

A

Just; well-founded.

317
Q

Vanish

A

To disappear quickly.

318
Q

Vary

A

To be different from something else in a group.

319
Q

Verdict

A

A judgement or decision.

320
Q

Vestige

A

A small trace of something that is disappearing or has already disappeared.

321
Q

Vial

A

A small container used to hold liquids.

322
Q

Vilify

A

To speak poorly of; to slander.

323
Q

Voluminous

A

Taking up a lot of space.

324
Q

Whereas

A

On the contrary.

325
Q

Wholly

A

Completely.

326
Q

Widespread

A

Occurring over a large region.

327
Q

Wilt

A

To droop and become limp.

TOEFL Vocabulary + Phrases (3 decks)

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