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AAPD > Most Common... > Flashcards

Most Common... Flashcards

1
Q

Neuromuscular Disease of Childhood

A

Pseudohypertrophic/Duchennes Muscular Dystrophy

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2
Q

Neurobehavioral disorder in children

A

ADHD

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3
Q

Co-morbid condition of people with developmental delay

A

Seizures

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4
Q

Type of Spina Bifida:

A

Occulta

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5
Q

Type of Cerebral Palsy

A

Spastic (with contractures)

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6
Q

Eating disorder in the US

A

Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified (EDNOS: Binge Eating)

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7
Q

Inherited Coagulation Disorder:

A

Von Willebrand Disease

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8
Q

Type of Hemophilia and deficiency associated:

A

A (Factor VIII deficiency) SIde note: Hemophilia B is factor 9 deficiency; hemophilia C is XI; Von willi is vW factor deficiency.

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9
Q

Genetic disorder of blood and inheritance link

A

Sickle cell disease, autosomal recessive

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10
Q

Cause of death by disease (age 1-14)

A

Cancer

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11
Q

Cause of death by leukemia

A

A.L.L (chemo needed, can have gingival overgrowth)

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12
Q

Developmental/odontogenic Cyst:

A

Dentigerous Cyst

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13
Q

Primary tumor/clinically significant odontogentic tumor of the jaws

A

Unicystic Ameloblastoma

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14
Q

Midface skeletal injury in children:

A

Nasal Fracture

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15
Q

Facial skeletal injury in hospitalized pedo patients:

A

Mandibular Fracture

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16
Q

Permanent tooth trauma:

A

Luxation (Mx [right] central incisors)

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17
Q

Surgically treatable cause of newborn Cholestasis

A

Biliary Atresia

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18
Q

Benign Salivary Gland Tumor:

A

Pleomorphic Adenoma

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19
Q

Malignant Salivary Gland Tumor:

A

Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma

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20
Q

Type of Osteogenesis Imperfecta:

A

Type I (associated with DI Type I)

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21
Q

Mass of the Soft Palate:

A

Squamous Papilloma (HPV 6 & 11)

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22
Q

Cause of Cancer Death age 1-5:

A

CNS and Brain tumors (especially in infants who have Ependymomas Primitive Neuruoectodermal Tumors (EPNET))

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23
Q

Syndrome Associated with Cleft Lip AND Palate and its inheritance linkage

A

Van der Woude Syndrome (median lip pits)

Autosomal Dominant

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24
Q

Chronic medical condition of childhood

A

Asthma

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25
Q

Syndrome associated with ONLY Cleft Palate:

A

Di George / VCFS (22q11.2)

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26
Q

Age Range for Childhood Leukemia or CNS Cancer:

A

1-4 years old

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27
Q

Cause of Hypothyroidism after age 8:

A

Acquired / Hashimoto’s

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28
Q

Cause of Acromegaly / Gigantism:

A

Benign Pituitary Adenoma

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29
Q

Syndrome with Cardiac Complications

A

William’s Syndrome (>70%)

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30
Q

“Tumor” of the Oral Cavity:

A

Traumatic/Irriatation Fibroma

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31
Q

Cause of Cancer Death ages <1 and >10 y/o

A

Leukemia

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32
Q

Oral Finding in Child with HIV

A

Candidiasis (Kaposi/malignt & linear gingival erythema/perio)

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33
Q

Most common fungal infection in children with HIV

A

Candida

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34
Q

Neural Tube Defects:

A

Spina Bifida / Anencephaly

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35
Q

Chronic Medical Condition of Childhood:

A

Asthma

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36
Q

Syndrome with an Eating Disorder

A

Prader Willi

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37
Q

Source of Sepsis in Cancer Patients:

A

the mouth

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38
Q

Common Site of Oral Lymphangioma:

A

tongue

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39
Q

Seizure type:

A

Tonic Clonic with convulsions

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40
Q

Syndrome with Taurodontism

A

Kleinfelter

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41
Q

Form of Hyperthyroid:

A

Graves Disease

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42
Q

Seizure without Convulsions:

A

Absence

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43
Q

Type of Diabetes in Children:

A

Type 2

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44
Q

Type of Ectodermal Dysplasia:

A

Hypohydrotic (X-Linked, Recessive)

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45
Q

Solid Organ Transplant in Children

A

Kidney and Liver (70%)

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46
Q

Thing associated with microglossia:

A

Cleft palate and congenitally missing lateral incisors

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47
Q

Cause for delayed eruption

A

Odontoma or dentigerous cyst

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48
Q

HPV strains causing cancer?

A

16 and 18

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49
Q

Cause of chronic periodontitis

A

P gingivalis

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50
Q

Cause of localized aggressive periodontitis?

A

Actinobacillus acetinomycetemcomitans

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51
Q

Cancer in pediatric patients 0-14 yr?

A

ALL, Brain and central nervous system, neuroblastoma

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52
Q

Cancer in adolescents (15-19)

A

Hodgkin lymphoma, thyroid carcinoma, brain and central nervous

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53
Q

Syndromes associated with periodontal disease?

A

Trisomy 21, Papillon levefere, chediak higashi

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54
Q

Trimester where women are more comfortable?

A

Second trimester

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55
Q

Medications to avoid in 1st and 3rd trimester?

A

Ibuprofen, naproxen (increased enterocolitis/hemorrhage)

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56
Q

Meds that cross placenta?

A

Codeine, Morphine

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57
Q

Cause of “ghost teeth”:

A

Regional odontodysplasia, caused by lack of apposition to dentin and enamel.

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58
Q

Bacteria that cause the most commonly seen green plaque?

A

Bacillus pyocaneus, aspergillus

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59
Q

Bacteria that cause orange plaque?

A

Flavobacterium, serratia marcescens

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60
Q

Cause of “rootless teeth”:

A

Dentin dysplasia type I

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61
Q

Thing to do after swallowing excess toothpaste? :

A

Administer calcium carbonate, milk, aluminum magnesium based antacids to slow down absorption.

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62
Q

Missing teeth:

A

3rds, then mand 2nd premolars, max lateral, max 2nd premolars

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63
Q

NPO status hours:

A

2 hrs: clear liquids (including fruit juices, soda, tea), 4hrs: breast milk, 6hrs (formula, light meal, milk), 8hrs fried fatty foods

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64
Q

Hemoglobin value:

A

10-20g/dL

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65
Q

Hematocrit percentage:

A

30-50%

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66
Q

RBC value

A

4-6million.mm

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67
Q

WBC value:

A

6000-10,000mm

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68
Q

Presentation or arnold chiari malformation:

A

Meninges through foramen magnum

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69
Q

Neutrophil absolute count and percentage:

A

3-5000 and 50-60%

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70
Q

Arch that has the most leeway space:

A

mandibular with 1.7-2.4 vs max 1mm space per quadrant

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71
Q

Test that will prolong when someone has hemophilia A,B,C, Von wilebrand:

A

PTT test.

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72
Q

INR value without anticoagulant therapy:

A

1

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73
Q

Platelet amount:

A

150,000-400,000 platelets per microliter

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74
Q

Reason why PT test would be prolonged:

A

liver disease, vitamin K deficiency, surgical trauma with blood loss

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75
Q

CHARGE syndrome:

A

coloboma, heart defects, atresia, retardation, growth defect, ear abnormalities

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76
Q

Percentage at which someone is obese:

A

above 95% side note: less than 5% underweight, 85-95% overweight

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77
Q

Things that pregnant woman may obtain orally:

A

perimylolysis (Erosion of lingual surfaces), and xerostomia

78
Q

Splinting time for less than 60 min avulsed teeth:

A

2 weeks max,

79
Q

SPlinting time for more than 60min avulsed:

A

(4-6 weeks)

80
Q

Rules for a minor who is pregnant rules in regards to dental visits:

A

Some need consent from parent in some states prior to 18, other states allow to treat if deemed competent

81
Q

immunoglobulin in saliva:

A

IgA (saliva)

82
Q

Atopic (inflammation of skin) triad:

A

asthma, eczema, food allergy

83
Q

Contraindications for nitrous:

A

MTFHR reductase mutation, 1st trimester pregnancy, bleomycin sulfate, ear infections, cobalamin b12 deficiency, Upper resp infections, cystic fibrosis, TB, sickle cell disease only absolute contraindication is lack of consent.

84
Q

Reason why band and loop fail:

A

Cement, solder

85
Q

C spine precaution

A

Down and arnold chiari malformation

86
Q

Compressions for CPR with one person:

A

30:2; (with 2 ppl, 15:2)

87
Q

Fatal trio:

A

Hypovolemia, hypoxia, hypercapnia (carbia)

88
Q

Women’s pregnancy 2nd trimester

A

13-28 weeks

89
Q

Bronchus to aspirate?:

A

Right, it’s straight.

90
Q

Thing to do if airway obstructs?

A

Reposition airway first!

91
Q

Way to pass on hemophilia?

A

X linked recessive trait

92
Q

Function of monetkulast

A

Leuktrotriene receptor antagonist, help decrease stuffiness etc.

93
Q

AD disorder that results from deficiency in functional C1 esterase inhibitor?

A

Hereditary angioedema

94
Q

Primary immunodeficiency:

A

primary b cell (generally have fewer oral complications than other immunodeficiencies)

95
Q

Most common syndrome associated with primary t cell immunodeficiency:

A

di george syndrome. 3/4th pharygeal arch maldevelopment, CP, heart issues, , more infections since thymus is hyoplasic/agenic.

96
Q

Missing tooth with patients who have cleft palate/lip:

A

Lateral incisor on affected side most common

97
Q

Most common gene linked reason for craniosynostosis syndromes?

A

Autosomal dominant

98
Q

Explanation for acronym OMENS:

A

Orbital distortion, mandibular hypoplasia, ear anomalies, nerve involvement, soft tissue deficiency (craniofacial microsomia)

99
Q

Side upon which microsomia defects usually seen?:

A

Right side

100
Q

Deletion syndrome:

A

Velocardiofacial syndrome (occurs in 1/3 of pierre robin seq patients; tetralogy of fallot commonly seen)

101
Q

Benign tumor of infancy:

A

Hemangioma (may need excision with skin graft, otherwise watch) (likely to regress with age, more complicated in females; PHACE syndrome, large hemangioma on face)

102
Q

Leading cause of death for kids less than 1 year and between 10-19 years:

A

Leukemia.

103
Q

Leading cause of death for kids 1-5 years old:

A

Especially for infants with….Primitive neuroectodermal tumors and ependymomas (PNET)

104
Q

Cancer diagnosed in first year of life

A

neuroblastoma embryonal tumor (sympathetic nervous system malignancy)

105
Q

Type of pediatric bone cancer:

A

Osteosarcoma (malignant) (rare under 5yr old)

106
Q

Malignant bone cancer that has a 7.5x occurrence in white children

A

ewing sarcoma

107
Q

Soft tissue sarcoma of childhood

A

Rhabdomyosarcoma (from CT and mesechymal cells; two types embryonal and alveolar)

108
Q

Neutrophil count that causes avoidance of elective dental care

A

if pt has <1,000/mm3 ANC during cancer. (regular count is neutrophil count 50-60%; 3,000-5,800mm/3)

109
Q

Platelet count where you should consult Dr. prior to doing dental work when pt has cancer:

A

<75,000mm/3

(regular platelet count 150-400,000mm/3)

110
Q

Heart defect in children

A

Congenital heart disease

111
Q

Cause of congestive heart failure:

A

congenital heart disease, rheumatic heart disease, cardiomyopathy, vascular malformations, severe anemia.

112
Q

Bacteria that causes infective endocarditis?

A

Staph Aureus

113
Q

IE out of subacute and acute that a pediatric pt may obtain?

A

Subacute (slower onset)

114
Q

Reason why abx prophylaxis indicated:

A

Prosthetic heart valves, previous IE, congenital heart disease (unrepaired cyanotic congenital heart disease , defect repaired with device or material during first 6 months after procedure, repair with residual defects at site, cardiac transplant patients who get cardiac valvulopathy)

115
Q

Reason indicated for abx SBE prior to dental procedures:

A

manipulation of gingival tissue, manipulation of periapical region of teeth, perforation of oral mucosa.

116
Q

Way to stimulate formation of alternate form of Hb for a RBC so it doesn’t sickle?

A

Hydroxyurea

117
Q

Reason why prothrombin time may be elevated:

A

Due to warfarin, liver disease, vitamin K deficiency

118
Q

eason why partial thromboplastin time is elevated:

A

heparin, hemophilia vW disease, liver disease

119
Q

Medication to manage prolonged bleeding:

A

DDAVP Demospressin to release more clotting factor

120
Q

(One of most) Childhood infections:

A

Lice

121
Q

Bacterial causes of orbital cellulitis:

A

Staph aureus or strep pneumonia

122
Q

Complication after shingles VZV reactivation/chickpox is:

A

Postheraputic neuralgia,

123
Q

Second most common sti in US:

A

Gonoccocal stomatitis (gonorrhoeae)

124
Q

Deep throat infection in children and adolescents:

A

peritonsillar abscess.

125
Q

Cause of death in renal disease is

A

cardiovascular complications (left ventricular hypertrophy, cardiac dysfunction, vascular calcification) Followed by infection and malignancy.

126
Q

Inherited cause of intellectual disability is:

A

Frágil x syndrome

127
Q

Neurobehavioral disability in kids

A

ADHD

128
Q

Site of origin of partial seizure:

A

frontal/temporal lobes.

129
Q

Birth defects internationally:

A

Ancencephaly and spina bifida

130
Q

Type of spinal form of neural tube defect:

A

spina bifida oculta

131
Q

Severe form of spinal neural tube defect :

A

myelomeningocele (meninges protrude as a sac through cleft in vertebrae like Arnold chiari II malformation)

132
Q

Motor disability in childhood

A

Cerebral palsy (more common in boy African A kids).

133
Q

highest mortality risk of any mental illness

A

eating disorders

134
Q

Psychiatric disorder of childhood:.

A

anxiety

135
Q

Thing found with hemifacial hyperplasia:

A

right side affected most often, abdominal tumors also seen (wilms,hepatoblastoma, adrenal cortical carcinoma)

136
Q

Systemic diseases associated with apthous ulcers:

A

bechets disease, celiac, crohn(apthous ulcer and calcifications of the lip)

137
Q

Causes of herpangina and hand foot mouth disease?

A

Enterovirus (coxsackie)

138
Q

Inheritance pattern of lesch nyhan

A

(x linked condition, self mutilating behavior, absence of hypoxanthine (guanine)

139
Q

Form of epidermolysis bullosa?

A

EB simplex, Autosomal dominant

140
Q

Disease(s) with polyps:

A

Peutz jeghers (benign polyps intestinally, generalized pigmentation orally), gardener syndrome (MALIGNANT intestinal polyps ( AD, osteomas, supernumerary teeth).

141
Q

dosages for demerol, hydroxyzine, midazolam, diazepam , chloral hydrate

A

1-2mg/kg max 50mg, 0.5-1mg/kg; 0.3mg-1mg/kg max 15 then 20 above 8 yr; 0.25mg/kg-0.3 max10mg; 10-50mg/kg max 1g)

142
Q

dosages for reversals

A

REVERSAL: Flumazenil 0.01mg/kg for IV, Triple the dose for IM (0.03mg/kg), ONLY IV OR IM
o Comes in 5mL bottle (.1mg/1mL)
o Max dose: IV: 0.2mg, IM: 0.6mg (=6mL: 3mL in each deltoid/vastus lateralis);

REVERSAL: Naloxone 0.1 mg/kg (IV, IM, SM: maxillary buccal vestibule)
o Comes in 1 mL (.4mg/1mL) vials
o Max dose: 2mg which would be 5 vials, 5mL

143
Q

Cause of single tooth permanent anterior crossbite

A

over retained primary tooth

144
Q

Requirements for regendo

A

traumatized tooth MUST be non vital, apex 1.1mm, patient age 7-16 good health

145
Q

Vital pulp therapy options

A

protective liner, apexogenesis (indirect pulp cap, direct pulp cap, partial pulpotomy)

146
Q

Non vital pulp therapy options

A

Pulpectomy (endo), apexification (root end closure with paste, or MTA), apical barrier techniques, revascularization

147
Q

Timeline prior to immunosuppression at which a permanent tooth should have a RCT if symptomatic?

A

1 week

148
Q

Swelling that extends to the orbit? Beneath the mandible?

A

Cavernous sinus thrombosis, airway compromise/ludwig angina.

149
Q

Restoration not to survive well in primary teeth?

A

Class IV restoration.

150
Q

Scale used to assess dental trauma?

A

Modified glasgow coma scale (lower numbers indicated more significant injury)

151
Q

Most common ‘sign’ of posterior cranial fracture and anterior cranial bone fracture?

A

Posterior battles sign (mastoid hematoma), anterior racoon sign (orbital hematoma)

152
Q

Reason for failure of further tooth development in dental trauma?

A

Damage to hertwigs root sheath.

153
Q

Dental trauma followup period:

A

1mo, 2mo, 6mo, 12 mo. (common timeline for all trauma except luxation/extrustion where followup is 2wk, 2mo, 6mo, and annually for 5 years)

154
Q

Crown fracture splint time and then followup

A

splint permanent for 4 months; follow up in primary 1wk, 2mo; permanent 4weeks.

155
Q

Med to avoid a patient with duchenne muscular dystrophy?

A

Succinylcholine (can cause rhabdomyolysis; also MH is a big consideration if under GA)

156
Q

Principal growth cartilage of the cranial base and only one remaining active during childhood growth?

A

Spheno occipital

157
Q

Spacing in primary teeth:

A

Generalized spacing (baume type 1 in 66%)

158
Q

Primary terminal molar plane

A

Flush

159
Q

Reason for premature loss of primary canine:

A

ectopic eruption of permanent lateral.

160
Q

Associations with bilateral posterior crossbite

A

dolicofacial skeletal vertical growth/openbite/mouthbreathing

161
Q

Protocol for dolicofacial open bite:

A

extraction therapy (expansion arch development for brachyfacial/deepbite)

162
Q

Most commonly affected ankylosed teeth

A

primary first molars (lower), then upper first primary molars

163
Q

Supernumerary tooth location and gender:

A

mesiodens, maxilla, boys 2x as often as girls.

164
Q

Full Class II, End on Class II, Class III ANB angles

A

> 6 degrees, <6, negative ANB

165
Q

Time to stop NNSH

A

5 years( physiologic rewards 4-6years; mechano therapy 6-10years)

166
Q

Maxillary canine impaction affects:

A

Females 3x more than male (1%) of population

167
Q

General guidelines for retention of records:

A

Kids 28 yrs from birth, adults 10 years.

168
Q

Self reported intensity scale for kids older than 6

A

Visual Analogue Scale VAS

169
Q

Self reported pain intensity scale for kids older than 3:

A

Wong baker scale.

170
Q

Amide anesthetic with longest duration for pulpal and soft tissue anesthesia:

A

0.5% bupivicaine 1:200,000 epinephrine 340min!

171
Q

Preservative in lidocaine

A

Bisulfate

172
Q

Reaction to lidocaine overdose:

A

Initial excitatory reaction (inhibatory neurons depressed), then depressive reaction where you seizure, lose consciousness, heart collapse.

173
Q

Opioids catalyze by cytochrome p450 cyp3a4, cyp2d6

A

codeine hydrocodone, oxycodone.

174
Q

Ultra rapid metabolizers of codeine have a polymorphism in

A

liver cytochrome enzyme CYP2D6

175
Q

IV rate calculation

A

4:2:1 rule (1st 10kg x4, 2nd 10kgx 2ml, rest of the kg x 1ml (so 25kg = 65ml/hr flow)

176
Q

Recovery score chart for anesthesia

A

modified aldrete post anesthesia recovery score (2,1,0; 0 being the worst; need total greater than 9 for discharge)

177
Q

meds use for nausea

A

phenegran (promethazine) max 25mg zofran (odansetron) max 4mg

178
Q

doses for epi pen and epipen jr

A

greater than 30kg epipen (0.3mg), epipen jr (less than 30kg) .15mg

179
Q

albuterol brand meds

A

proventil, ventolin

180
Q

what med is commonly used for myocardial infarction?

A

aspirin (81mg per tab) for MI use 325mg immediately 4pills*

181
Q

med commonly used for angina pectoris (chest pain)

A

nitroglycerin ,4mg sublingual tab or spray

182
Q

complications when having SLE

A

renal complications

183
Q

CLP findings in males? Females?

A

Males: Cleft Lip, Females: Cleft palate

184
Q

Incidence of CLP in

A

American indiansm alaska natives, latinos, asians

185
Q

Surgical management timeline for CLP

A

0-3months presurgical orthopedics used to narrow cleft (NAM), 3-6 mo Cheiloplasty, 10-18mo palatoplasty, 2-5 years possible lip or nose revision or second palate surgery, 6-11 years possible alveolar graft surgery, 12-18 lip revision or jaw septorhinoplasty surgeries, Adult final surgeries

186
Q

embryonal tumors

A

dx before age 5; neuroblastoma (most common cancer dx in first year of life, wilms kidney tumor, retinoblastoma)

187
Q

thing that reticuloendothelial system is responsible for

A

removing old or defective RBC (RES spleen liver bone marrow)

188
Q

disorders of connective tissue matrix of blood vessels

A

marfan syndrome, ehler danlos, scurvy

189
Q

meds used to prevent strokes and clots (due to abnormal clotting)

A

plavix (clopidrogel); coumadin warfarin (antagonized vitamin K), low molecular weight heparin levonox (binds to antithrombin and doesn’t let thrombin turn fibrinogen to fibrin), new med factor Xa inhibitor

190
Q

laryngeal lesion in children

A

recurrent respiratory papillomatosis; can cause airway obstruction

AAPD (1 decks)

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