Most Common Flashcards
1
Q
Most commonly used risk factor for determining screening and prevention recommendations
A
Age
2
Q
Most common adverse event in health care, based in the Harvard Medical Practice Study
A
Adverse drug events (19%)
3
Q
Most common pharmacological intervention for anticipatory nausea
A
Benzodiazepine, such as lorazepam
4
Q
Most common symptom that brings a patient to a physician’s attention
A
Pain
5
Q
Most commonly used analgesics
A
COX inhibitors
6
Q
Most common error made by physicians in managing severe pain with opioids
A
To prescribe an inadequate dose
7
Q
Most common emotional disturbance in patients with chronic pain
A
Depression
8
Q
Most common diagnoses in patients in the ED who present with chest discomfort
A
Gastrointestinal causes
9
Q
Most common cause of nontraumatic chest discomfort
A
Gastrointestinal disorders
10
Q
Most common cause of unresponsiveness to treatment of chronic daily headache
A
Use of a preventive when analgesics continue to be used regularly
(It must be emphasized that preventives often do not work in the presence of analgesic overuse.)
11
Q
Most common cause of headache due to persistent low CSF volume
A
CSF leak following lumbar puncture
12
Q
Most common cause of disability in individuals <45 years of age
A
Back symptoms
13
Q
Most common neurologic symptom in patients with systemic cancer and is the presenting symptom in 20%
A
Back pain
14
Q
Most common cause of nontraumatic vertebral body fractures
A
Postmenopausal or senile osteoporosis
15
Q
Most common cause of persistent low back pain in adolescents
A
Spondylolosis
16
Q
Most common cause of arachnoiditis in developing countries
A
Prior spine infection
17
Q
Most common cause of arachnoiditis in developed countries
A
Multiple lumbar spine surgeries
18
Q
Roots most commonly affected in cervical radiculopathies
A
C6 and C7
19
Q
Extraordinarily high fevers (>41.5C) most commonly occurs in patients with
A
Central nervous system hemorrhages
20
Q
Most common type of skin eruption
A
Centrally distributed rashes, in which lesions are primarily truncal
21
Q
Most common drug reaction manifestation
A
Exanthematous drug-induced eruptions
22
Q
Most common age group affected by exanthem subitum (roseola), which is caused by human herpesvirus 6
A
Children <3 years of age
23
Q
Most common cause of hand-foot-and-mouth disease
A
Coxsackievirus A16 or Enterovirus 71
24
Q
Most common age group affected by erythema infectiosum (fifth disease), which is caused by human parvovirus B19
A
Children 3-12 years old
25
Most common age group and sex affected by SLE
Middle-aged women
26
Most common age group affected by scarlet fever (second disease), which is caused by Group A Streptococcus
Children 2-10 years old
27
Most common season of varicella (chickenpox)
Late winter and spring
28
Most commonly affected body areas in ecthyma gangrenosum, which is caused by P. aeruginosa
Axillary, groin, perianal regions
29
Most commonly affected body areas of the purpuric eruptions in acute meningococcemia, which is caused by N. meningitidis
Trunk and extremities
30
Most common population affected by acute meningococcemia
Children, individuals with asplenia, or terminal complement component deficiency (C5-C8)
31
Most common diagnosis of FUO among the neoplasms
Malignant lymphoma
32
Most common infectious disease associated with FUO in elderly patients
Tuberculosis
33
Most common cause of syncope in population-based studies
Neurally mediated syncope
34
Most common cause of acquired QT interval prolongation
Drugs
35
Most commonly used procedure for posterior canal BPPV
Epley maneuver
36
Most common medication that causes bilateral vestibular hypofunction
Gentamicin, or other aminoglycoside antibiotics
37
Disease entity most commonly observed in veterans of the 1991 Gulf war conflict
Chronic multisymptom illness, also known as Gulf-war syndrome
38
Most common cause of acute paraparesis
Intraspinal lesion
39
Most common body part where the ulnar nerve is injured which leads to the characteristic dysesthesia that is restricted to the 5th digit and the adjacent 1/2 of the 4th finger on one hand
Elbow
40
Most common cause of frontal gait disorder
Vascular disease, particularly subcortical small-vessel disease in the deep frontal white matter and centrum ovale
41
The cognitive function most commonly lost in dementia
Episodic memory, the ability to recall events specific in time and place
42
Most common cause of dementia in Western countries
Alzheimer's disease
43
Three most common potentially reversible causes of dementia
1) Depression
2) Normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH)
3) Alcohol dependence
44
Single most common finding in aphasic patients
Deficit of naming (anomia)
45
Lesion site most commonly associated with Wernicke's aphasia caused by CVAs
Posterior portion of the language network
46
Most common etiology of Wernicke's aphasia
Embolus to the inferior division or angular branches of the middle cerebral artery (MCA)
47
Single most common language disturbance seen in head trauma, metabolic encephalopathy, and Alzheimer's disease
Anomic aphasia
(Articulation, comprehension, and repetition are intact, but confrontation naming, word finding, and spelling are impaired.)
48
Most common causes of pure word deafness (patient reacts to speech as if it were in an alien tongue that cannot be deciphered; have no difficulty understanding written language and can express themselves well in spoken or written language)
Bilateral or left-sided MCA strokes affecting the superior temporal gyrus
49
Most common subtype of primary progressive aphasia (PPA) that is associated with the pathology of Alzheimer's disease
Logopenic PPA
(Preserved syntax and comprehension but frequent and severe word-finding causes, anomia, circumlocutions, and simplifications during spontaneous speech.)
50
Most common cause of progressive memory impairments in the elderly
Alzheimer's disease
51
Single most common behavioral profile associated with a variety of bilateral multifocal brain diseases, including metabolic encephalopathy, multiple sclerosis, and vitamin B12 deficiency
Frontal lobe syndrome, usually of the abulic form (p166)
52
Probably the most common cause of excessive daytime sleepiness
Insufficient sleep
53
Most commonly prescribed alternatives to benzodiazepine receptor agonists due to their lack of abuse potential and lower cost
Heterocyclic antidepressants (trazodone, amitriptyline, and doxepin) (p174)
54
Most common age group that experiences sleepwalking
Children and adolescents, when deep NREM sleep is most abundant (p174)
55
Most common cause of a red, irritated eye
Conjunctivitis (p182)
56
Most common viral etiology of conjunctivitis
Adenovirus infection (p182)
57
Most common source of emboli that cause amaurosis fugax
Atherosclerotic plaque in the carotid artery or aorta (p183)
58
Most common form of anterior ischemic optic neuropathy (AION)
Nonarteritic form (p184)
59
Most common cause of blindness in the world
Cataract (p187)
60
Most common age group affected by epiretinal membrane
Patients aged >50 years
61
Most common primary tumor of the eye
Melanoma
62
Most common cause of internuclear ophthalmoplegia
Multiple sclerosis
63
Most common etiology of vertical gaze
Distal basilar artery ischemia
64
Most common form of jerk nystagmus
Gaze-evoked nystagmus
65
Three most common identifiable cause of long-lasting or permanent smell loss seen in the clinic (in order of frequency)
Severe upper respiratory tract infections
Head trauma
Chronic rhinosinusitis
66
Most common cause of sensorineural hearing loss in adults
Presbycusis (age-associated hearing loss)
67
Most common pathogens in community-acquired acute rhinosinusitis
S. pneumoniae and nontypable Haemophilus influenzae
68
Most common sinus affected in rhinosinusitis
Maxillary sinus
69
Most common pathogens in perichondritis
P. aeruginosa and S. aureus
70
Most common cause of chronic otitis externa
Persistent drainage from a chronic middle-ear infection which causes repeated local irritation
71
Most common pathogen in invasive otitis externa
P. aeruginosa
72
Most common presenting symptom of oropharyngeal infections
Sore throat
73
Most common cause of acute pharyngitis
Rhinoviruses (~20%)
74
Most common teeth that causes Ludwig angina (a rapidly progressive, potentially fulminant form of cellulitis that involves the bilateral sublingual and submandibular spaces and that typically originates from an infected ore recently extracted tooth)
Lower 2nd or 3rd molar
75
Most common cause of death in Ludwig angina
Asphyxiation
76
Most common cause of epiglottitis in adults and (more recently) in children
Group A Streptococcus
77
Infections of the retropharyngeal space is usually a consequence of extension from another site of infection, most commonly _____
Acute pharyngitis
78
Most common pathogens in retropharyngeal space infection
Group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. aureus
79
Most common developmental oral problem
Malocclusion
80
Most common oral mucosal lesion
Ulceration
81
Most common nondental source of oral pain
Myofascial pain referred from muscles of mastication
82
Most common part of oral mucosa that is involved in Kaposi's sarcoma
Palate
83
Most common etiology of xerostomia
Medication, especially drugs with anticholinergic properties
84
Type of adult patients most commonly affected by acute bacterial parotitis
Postoperative, dehydrated, and debilitated patients
85
Most common pathogens in acute bacterial parotitis
S. aureus and anaerobic bacteria
86
Part of the respiratory tree that is the most common source of hemoptysis
Bronchi or medium sized airways
87
Most common cause of hemoptysis worldwide
Tuberculosis
88
Most common of respiratory hypoxia
Ventilation-perfusion mismatch resulting from perfusion of poorly ventilated alveoli
89
Probably the most common cause of peripheral cyanosis
Normal vasoconstriction resulting from exposure to cold air or water
90
Most common cause of a midsystolic murmur in an adult
Aortic stenosis
91
Most common cause of left-to-right intracardiac shunt in adults
Ostium secundum ASD
92
Most common cause of mitral stenosis
Rheumatic fever
93
Most common setting of aphagia (inability to swallow)
Food bolus or foreign body impaction
| Aphagia typically denotes complete esophageal obstruction
94
Most common cause of oropharyngeal dysphagia
Functional deficits caused by neurologic disorders
95
Most common etiology of gastroparesis
Idiopathic
96
Most common surgeries that lead to postoperative emesis
Abdominal and orthopedic surgery
97
Most common causes of indigestion (2)
Gastroesophageal reflux and functional dyspepsia
98
Most common causes of ulcers (2)
H. pylori infection and NSAID use
99
Most common cause of infectious diarrhea in institutionalized patients
C. difficile
100
Probably the most common noninfectious causes of acute diarrhea
Side effects from medications
101
Most common secretory causes of chronic diarrhea
Side effects from regular ingestion of drugs and toxins
102
Most common cause of intraluminal maldigestion
Pancreatic exocrine insufficiency (occurs when >90% of pancreatic secretory function is lost)
103
Most common cause of mucosal malabsorption
Celiac disease
104
2 most common causes of osmotic diarrhea
Lactose intolerance and magnesium ingestion
105
Most common cause of outlet obstruction in constipation
Failure of the puborectalis muscle to relax
106
Most common gastrointestinal condition leading to hospitalization
Gastrointestinal bleeding
107
Most common cause of UGIB
Peptic ulcers
108
Most common cause of LGIB in adults, if hemorrhoids and anal fissures are excluded
Diverticulosis
109
Most common location of varices that lead to LGIB
Rectal
110
Most common colonic causes of significant GIB in children and adolescents
Inflammatory bowel disease and juvenile polyps
111
Most common cause of significant small-intestinal GIB in children
Meckel's diverticulum
112
Probably the most common cause of LGIB
Hemorrhoids
113
Drugs most commonly associated with cholestasis
Anabolic and contraceptive steroids
114
Malignancy most commonly associated with primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC)
Cholangiocarcinoma
115
Most common cause of extrahepatic cholestasis
Choledocholithiasis
116
Most common pathogens in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis
E. coli and Klebsiella
117
Most common site involved and generally the one with the most severe pain in interstitial cystitis/bladder pain syndrome
Suprapubic area
118
Most common cause of solute diuresis
Poorly controlled diabetes mellitus with glucosuria
119
Most common malignancy associated with SIAD
Small-cell lung carcinoma
120
Most common type of drug that causes SIAD
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)
121
Most common gastrointestinal cause of hypernatremia
Diarrhea
122
Most common beta agonist used in the acute management of hyperkalemia
Albuterol
123
Most common mutation in familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia (FHH)
Calcium sensor receptor
124
Most common cause of chronic hypercalcemia
Primary hyperparathyroidism
125
Most common etiologies of hypocalcemia
Impaired PTH production and impaired vitamin D production
126
Most common cause of hypoparathyroidism in adults
Inadvertent damage to all four glands during thyroid or parathyroid gland surgery
127
Most common acid-base disturbance in critically ill patients and, when severe, portends a poor prognosis
Chronic respiratory alkalosis
128
Most common cause of drug-induced respiratory alkalosis
Salicylates
129
Most common type of melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
130
Most common type of irritant contact dermatitis
Chronic low-grade irritant dermatitis
131
Most common area involved in chronic low-grade irritant dermatitis
Hands
132
Most common cause of allergic contact dermatitis
Exposures to plants, especially to members of the family Anacardiaceae, including the genus Toxicodendron
133
Most common population involved in nummular eczema
Middle aged men
134
Most common location of seborrheic dermatitis
Scalp
135
Most common variety of psoriasis
Plaque-type
136
Most common dermatophyte infection
Tinea pedis
137
Most common variant affected in tinea unguium or onychomycosis
Distal-lateral variant
138
Most commonly prescribed drug for cutaneous candidiasis
Oral fluconazole
139
Extragenital skin involvement in squamous cell carcinomas associated with HPV infections is most commonly seen in this kind of patients
Patients immunosuppressed after organ transplantation
140
Most common location for acne
Face
141
Most common malignancy associated with erythroderma
Cutaneous T cell lymphoma
142
Most common pathogen in Tinea capitis
Trichophyton tonsurans
143
Most common pustular dermatoses
Acneiform eruptions and folliculitis
144
Most common forms of hypopigmentation are due to mutations in the
Tyrosinase gene (type I) or the P gene (type II)
145
Most common location of pigment loss in Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada syndrome
Face and scalp
146
Most common autoimmune diseases associated with diffuse hyperpigmentation
Biliary cirrhosis and systemic sclerosis
147
Most common malignancy associated with acanthosis nigricans
Gastrointestinal malignancy
148
Most common form of porphyria with cutaneous findings
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
149
Most common setting of the prototypic scarlatiniform eruption seen in scarlet fever, due to an erythrogenic toxin produced by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci
Pharyngitis
150
2 most common forms of cutaneous eruption in Kawasaki disease
Morbilliform and scarlatiniform
151
Elevated calcium phosphate products which can lead to metastatic calcinosis cutis are most commonly due to
Secondary hypoerparathyroidism in the setting of renal failure
152
Osteoma cutis, in the form of small papules, most commonly occurs on the face of individuals with a history of _____
Acne vulgaris
153
Most common forms of xanthomas and are associated with hypertriglyceridemia
Eruptive xanthoma
154
Most common setting for eruptive xanthomas
Uncontrolled diabetes mellitus
155
Most common location of the multiple angiokeratomas seen in Fabry disease
Lower trunk
156
2 Most common etiologies for erythematous papules or nodules in a lymphocutaneous or sporotrichoid pattern (linear arrangement along lymphatic channels)
```
Sporothrix schenckii (sporotrichosis)
Mycobacterium marinum
```
157
Most common malignancy associated with Sweet syndrome (pink-red to red-brown edematous plaques that are frequently painful and occur primarily on the head, neck, and upper extremities)
Acute myelogenous leukemia
158
Most common location for nodules of erythema nodosum
Shin
159
Most common location for lesions of erythema induratum
Calf
160
Most common location of the cutaneous lesions in sarcoidosis which are classically red to red-brown in color
Face
161
Most common location of angiosarcoma (purple papules and plaques)
Scalp and face of elderly patients or within areas of chronic lymphedema
162
Most common location of mucocutaneous ulcers of pyoderma gangrenosum
Legs
163
Drugs that are most commonly associated with drug-induced pemphigus
Drugs containing a thiol group in their chemical structure (e.g., penicillamine, captopril, enalapril)
164
Most common cutaneous manifestation of dermatomyositis
Purple-red discoloration of the upper eyelids, sometimes associated with scaling (Heliotrope erythema) and periorbital edema
165
Most common drugs associated with blistering in drug-related pseudoporphyria
NSAIDs
166
Most common of all drug-induced reactions
Morbilliform or maculopapular eruptions
167
Most common types of malignancies that arise in organ transplant recipients
Basal cell carcinomas and squamous cell carcinomas
168
Most common type of photosensitivity disease
Polymorphous light eruption
169
Most common type of porphyria
Porphyria cutanea tarda (PCT)
170
Most common cause of neutropenia
Iatrogenic (resulting from the use of cytotoxic or immunosuppressive therapies for malignancy or control of autoimmune disorders)
171
Most common neutrophil defect
Myeloperoxidase deficiency (a primary granule defect inherited as an autosomal recessive trait)
172
Most common symptom in hereditary hemorrhagic telangiectasia and in boys with VWD
Epistaxis
173
Most common symptoms produced by diseases involving the spleen
Pain and a heavy sensation in the LUQ
174
Most common source of metastatic tumors in the spleen
Melanoma
175
Most common mechanism of pharmacokinetic interactions that cause increased drug effects
Inhibition of drug elimination
176
Most common cause of drug-induced hepatotoxicity
Acetaminophen overdosage
177
Most common cancer and most common cause of cancer death in the world
Lung cancer
178
Second most common cancer worldwide
Breast cancer
179
Most common nonskin cancer diagnosed in American males
Prostate cancer
180
Most common mutations in oncogenes are found in this family of genes
Ras (especially kras)
181
Most common side effect of inhibitors of VEGF (or its receptors)
Hypertension
182
Most common mechanism of resistance in anticancer therapies
Outgrowth of tumor cells no longer expressing the antigen
183
Most common side effect of chemotherapy administration
Nausea, with or without vomiting
184
Most common organism that causes catheter infection in immunocompromised patients that presents as exit-site erythema
Coagulase-negative staphylococci
185
Hepatic candidiasis is most common among neutropenic patients being treated for _____
AML
186
CMV pneumonia is most common among _____ recipients
Hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients
187
Most common cause of chemotherapy-induced lung disease
Bleomycin
188
Most common symptom of urinary obstruction
Flank pain
189
Most common cause of malignant spinal cord compression
Lung cancer
190
Part of the spine that is the most common site of metastasis that causes cord compression
Thoracic spine
191
Most common initial symptom in patients with spinal cord compression
Localized back pain and tenderness due to involvement of vertebrae by tumor
192
Most common primary malignancy in brain metastases
Lung cancer
193
Most common cause of seizures in patients with cancer
Metastatic disease to the CNS
194
2 Most common organs affected by hyperleukocytosis and leukostasis syndrome in acute leukemia
Brain and lung
195
Most common cause of malignant upper airway obstruction
Lung cancer
196
Most common paraneoplastic syndrome
Hypercalcemia
197
Most common cause of hyponatremia among patients with cancer
SIADH
198
Most common acute toxicity of chimeric antigen receptor-engineered T cells
Cytokine release syndrome
199
Most common serious complications of cancer therapy
Neutropenia and infection
200
Most common melanoma
Superficial spreading melanoma
201
Most common melanoma in blacks, Asians, and Hispanics and occur as an enlarging hyperpigmented macule or plaque on the palms and soles
Acral lentiginous melanoma
202
Most common BRAF mutation
Point mutation (T --> A nucleotide change) that results in a valine-to-glutamate amino acid substitution (V600E)
203
Most common cancer in the United States
Nonmelanoma skin cancer
204
Most common gene damaged by UV in BCC
Hedgehog signaling pathway
205
Most commonly employed method for superficial, minimally invasive nodular BCCs and low-risk tumors
Electrodesiccation and curettage (ED&C)
206
Most common cause of cancer death among American men and women
Lung cancer
207
Most common form of lung cancer in lifetime never smokers or former light smokers, women, and younger adults
Adenocarcinoma
208
Most common life-threatening metabolic complication of malignancy
Hypercalcemia (primarily occurring with squamous cell carcinomas of the lung)
209
Most common site for hematogenous spread of gastric tumor
Liver
210
Most common primary cancers of the small bowel
Adenocarcinomas
211
Second most common liver cancer following HCC
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA)
212
Most common flukes in parasitic biliary infestation
Opisthorchis viverrini
| Clonorchis sinensis
213
Most common cancer of the biliary tract worldwide
Gallbladder cancer
214
Most common neoplasm of the exocrine pancreas and most deadly
Pancreatic infiltrating ductal adenocarcinoma
215
Most common mutation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma
KRAS (seen in virtually 100% of pancreatic adenocarcinomas)
216
Most common site for neuroendocrine tumors
GI tract
217
Most common cause of carcinoid syndrome
Small intestinal carcinoids (due to metastatic disease in the liver)
218
Most common symptoms of rectal carcinoids
Melena/bleeding (39%)
219
2 Most common symptoms of carcinoid syndrome
Flushing and diarrhea
220
Most common presenting symptom of gastrinoma (Zollinger-Ellison syndrome)
Abdominal pain (70-100%)
221
Most common clinical symptoms of insulinomas are due to the effect of _____
Effect of hypoglycemia on the CNS (neuroglycopenic symptoms)
222
Most common symptom of VIPoma
Abdominal pain (30-80%)
223
Renal cell carcinoma is most commonly detected as
Incidental finding on a radiograph
224
Most common urinary tract cancer histology that is observed in ~90% of cases
Urothelial carcinoma (formerly referred to as transitional cell carcinoma)
225
Most common manifestation of castration-resistant prostate cancer
Rising PSA
226
Most common reason men seek treatment for BPH
Symptomatic relief
227
Most common pharmacologic agents for the treatment of overactive bladder symptoms
Anticholinergics
228
Most common approach after orchiectomy in stage I testicular cancer
Active surveillance
229
Most common histological variant of ovarian neoplasms
Epithelial tumors
230
Most common heritable abnormality linked to ovarian cancer
Germ-line mutation in either BRCA1 or BRCA2
231
Most common presentation of ovarian cancer
Stage IIIC (defined as tumors with bulky intraperitoneal disease or positive lymph node involvement)
232
Most common germ cell neoplasm of the ovary and often presents in young women
Benign teratoma (or dermoid cyst)
233
Most common malignant transformation of ovarian cancer in older women
Squamous cell carcinomas
234
Second most common and the most lethal malignancy in women worldwide
Cervical cancer
235
Most common finding upon physical examination in cervical cancer
Visible tumor on the cervix
236
Most common gynecologic malignancy in the United States
Endometrioid histologic subtype of endometrial cancer
237
Most common location of trophoblastic tumors
Uterus
238
Most common type of malignant primary brain tumor
Gliomas (derived, based on their presumed lineage, into astrocytomas and oligodendrogliomas)
- specifically: Grade IV astrocytoma (glioblastoma)
239
Most common brain tumor of childhood
Pilocytic astrocytomas (WHO grade I)
240
Most common malignant brain tumor of childhood
Medulloblastomas (~20% of all primary CNS tumors among children)
241
Most common primary brain tumor
Meningiomas
242
Most common schwannomas
Vestibular schwannomas or acoustic neuromas
243
Most common cause of hemorrhagic brain metastases
Lung cancer
244
Most common hematologic malignancy that metastasizes to the subarachnoid space
Acute leukemia
245
Most common malignancy that metastasizes to the epidural space
Malignancies that spread to bone, such as breast and prostate
246
Type of RT that most commonly leads to leukoencephalopathy
WBRT (as opposed to focal RT)
247
Most common presentation of soft tissue sarcoma
Asymptomatic mass
248
Most common site of metastasis of soft tissue sarcoma
Pulmonary parenchyma
249
Most common malignant tumors of bone
Plasma cell tumors
250
Most common cause of humoral hypercalcemia of malignancy
Overproduction of PTHrP
251
Most common cause of ectopic ACTH
Small cell lung carcinoma
252
Most commonly associated tumor in cancer-associated retinopathy (paraneoplastic cone and rod dysfunction characterized by photosensitivity, progressive loss of vision and color reception, central or ring scotomas, night blindness, and attenuation of photopic and scotopic responses in the electroretinogram)
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC)
253
Most common type of anemia
Hypoprofliferative anemi
254
Most common type of hypoproliferative anemia
Iron deficiency anemia
255
2 Most common causes of increased red cell protoporphyrin levels
Absolute or relative iron deficiency and lead poisoning
256
Most common genetic disorders in the world, affecting nearly 200 million people worldwide
Thalassemias
257
Most common structural hemoglobinopathy
Sickle cell disease
258
Most common clinical manifestation of vasoocclusion in sickle cell anemia
Painful crises (recurrent episodes manifesting as acute pain and tenderness, fever, tachycardia, and anxiety)
259
Most common cause of megaloblastic anemia due to cobalamin deficiency in infancy in Western countries
Selective malabsorption of cobalamin with proteinuria (Imerslund's syndrome; Imerslund-Grasbeck syndrome; Congenital cobalamin malabsorption; Autosomal recessive megaloblastic anemia; MGA1)
260
Most common cause of death in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria
Venous thrombosis
261
Most common type of Fanconi anemia
Type A
262
Most common early symptom of aplastic anemia
Bleeding
263
Most common myeloproliferative neoplasm
Polycythemia vera
264
Most common cytogenetic abnormality in polycythemia vera
Loss of heterozygosity on chromosome 9p involving the segment containing the JAK2 locus due to mitotic recombination (uniparental disomy)
265
Hemorrhagic complications are most commonly and, classically, found in this type of AML
Acute promeylocytic leukemia
266
Gum hypertrophy, which is caused by leukemic infiltration, is most commonly found in this leukemia
Monocytic leukemia
267
Most common physical finding in chronic myelogenous leukemia
Splenomegaly
268
Most common presentation of chronic lymphocytic leukemia
As an incidental diagnosis made at the time of medical evaluation for another cause; routine blood work demonstrating an elevated lymphocyte count in asymptomatic individuals
269
Most common autoimmune cytopenia in CLL
Autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA)
270
Richter's transformation is when CLL transforms to an aggressive lymphoma, most commonly _____
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
271
Most common histologic subtype of NHL
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL)
272
Most common presentation for follicular lymphoma
New, painless lymphadenopathy
273
Most common site of MALT lymphoma
Stomach
274
Most common cytogenetic abnormality in MALT lymphomas (50%)
t(11;18)
275
Most common chemotherapy regimen used to treat Hodgkin's lymphoma
ABVD (adriamycin, bleomycin, vinblastine, and dacarbazine)
276
Most common setting for primary effusion lymphoma
Immune deficiency disease, especially AIDS
| Caused by HHV-8/Kaposi's sarcoma herpes virus
277
Most common site of extranodal NK/T-cell lymphoma
Nasal cavity
278
Most common site of enteropathy-type T cell lymphoma
Jejunum or ileum
279
Most common symptom in myeloma
Bone pain
280
Most common infections in patients with myeloma
Pneumonia and pyelonephritis
(Most frequent pathogens are S. pneumoniae, S. aureus, and K. pneumoniae in the lungs, and E. coli and other gram-negative organisms in the urinary tract)
281
Most common cause of renal failure in multiple myeloma
Hypercalcemia
282
Most common heavy chain disease among plasma cell disorders
Alpha heavy chain disease (Seligmann's disease)
283
Most prevalent familial amyloidoses, which is in turn most commonly due to mutation in _____
ATTR, due to mutation in transthyretin (TTR)
284
Most common form of localized amyloidosis
AB (A beta)
285
Most frequently involved organ in AL amyloidosis
Kidneys
286
Most common cause of incompatibility during pretransfusion screening
Antibodies to Lewis system carbohydrate antigens
287
Most common cause of thrombocytopenia
Drugs (Including nonprescription and herbal remedies)
288
Most common noniatrogenic cause of thrombocytopenia
Viral and bacterial infections
289
Most common inherited disorders of platelet function
Secretion defects (prevent normal secretion of granule content)
290
Most common inherited bleeding disorder
VWD (most common type is type 1 disease)
291
Most common setting of acquired VWD
Monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS)
