Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

MOD II Exam I > "Most Common" > Flashcards

"Most Common" Flashcards

1
Q

Most common pathway for initial dissemination of carcinomas

A

Lymphatic spread

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Hematogenous spread is typical with sarcomas but is also seen with some carcinomas, what 2 organs are most frequently involved in hematogenous dissemination?

A

Liver

Lungs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

3 most common tumor sites in terms of incidence and mortality in men according to American Cancer Society

A

Prostate
Lung
Colon/rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

3 most common tumor sites in terms of incidence and mortality in women according to American Cancer Society

A

Lung
Breast
Colon/rectum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

3 most common cancers in developing world in men vs. women (according to American Cancer Society)

A

Men: lung, stomach, liver

Women: breast, cervix, lung

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in skin

A

Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in oral cavity

A

Squamous cell carcinomas (often associated with HPV)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in head and neck

A

Squamous cell carcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in lung

A

Adenocarcinomas

[Others include small-cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas]

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in bladder

A

Urothelial carcinoma (originates in transitional epithelium)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in testes

A

Germ cell tumors (embryonal carcinomas)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in prostate

A

Adenocarcinoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in breast

A

Adenocarcinoma (most common type is infiltrating ductal carcinoma)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Most common primary tumor/cancer in ovaries

A

Serous cystadenocarcinomas (tend to be bilateral)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Most common carcinoma associated with VHL syndrome

A

Renal carcinomas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Most frequently mutated gene in cancer

A

TP53

17
Q

Most frequent malignancy that results from ionizing radiation

A

Myeloid leukemia

[followed by thyroid cancer in young people, breast, lung, salivary gland, skin, bone, GI tract]

18
Q

Most common cancer associated with Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1)

A

Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)

19
Q

Most common cancer associated with HPV 16 and 18

A

Squamous cell carcinomas of cervix, anogenital region, head and neck (tonsillar mucosa)

20
Q

Most common cancers associated with EBV

A

African Burkitt lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma in immunosuppressed
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas

21
Q

Most common endocrinopathy resulting from paraneoplastic syndrome; what types of cancer is it associated with?

A

Cushing syndrome - associated with small cell carcinoma of lung, pancreatic carcinoma, neural tumors

22
Q

Most common paraneoplastic syndrome; what kinds of cancer is it associated with?

A

Hypercalcemia; associated with squamous cell carcinoma of lung, breast, and renal carcinomas, also ATLL

23
Q

Virtually all burns are colonized by bacteria. What is the most common offender?

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

24
Q

Most common form of PEM seen in african children weaned too early onto an exclusively carbohydrate-based diet

A

Kwarshiorkor

25
Q

Most common factor underlying deformation congenital anomalies

A

Uterine constraint

[maternal factors = first pregnancy, small uterus, bicornuate uterus, leiomyomas. Fetal/placental factors = oligohydramnios, multiple fetuses, abnormal presentation]

26
Q

Most common developmental efect of the forebrain and midface in humans

A

Holoprosencephaly

27
Q

Most common cause of congenital malformations

A

Multifactorial (accounts for 20-25%)

28
Q

Second most common cause of neonatal mortality behind congenital anomalies

A

Prematurity

29
Q

Most common sequalae to transcervically acquired perinatal infection

A

Pneumonia
Sepsis
Meningitis

30
Q

Most common enzyme deficiency associated with galactosemia

A

Total lack of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT)

31
Q

Most common lethal genetic disease that affects caucasian populations

A

Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)

32
Q

Most common morphologic finding associated with SIDS

A

Multiple petechiae; usually present in thymus, visceral and parietal pleura, and epicardium

33
Q

Most common tumor of infancy

A

Hemangioma

34
Q

Most common teratoma of childhood

A

Sacrococcygeal teratoma

35
Q

Most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood

A

Neuroblastoma (affects 1 in 7000 live births; 700 cases diagnosed each year in US)

36
Q

Most common primary renal tumor of childhood

A

Wilms tumor

37
Q

Most common pollutant associated with indoor air pollution

A

Tobacco

MOD II Exam I (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions