"Most Common" Flashcards
Most common pathway for initial dissemination of carcinomas
Lymphatic spread
Hematogenous spread is typical with sarcomas but is also seen with some carcinomas, what 2 organs are most frequently involved in hematogenous dissemination?
Liver
Lungs
3 most common tumor sites in terms of incidence and mortality in men according to American Cancer Society
Prostate
Lung
Colon/rectum
3 most common tumor sites in terms of incidence and mortality in women according to American Cancer Society
Lung
Breast
Colon/rectum
3 most common cancers in developing world in men vs. women (according to American Cancer Society)
Men: lung, stomach, liver
Women: breast, cervix, lung
Most common primary tumor/cancer in skin
Basal cell carcinoma
Squamous cell carcinoma
Melanoma
Most common primary tumor/cancer in oral cavity
Squamous cell carcinomas (often associated with HPV)
Most common primary tumor/cancer in head and neck
Squamous cell carcinoma
Most common primary tumor/cancer in lung
Adenocarcinomas
[Others include small-cell carcinomas, squamous cell carcinomas]
Most common primary tumor/cancer in bladder
Urothelial carcinoma (originates in transitional epithelium)
Most common primary tumor/cancer in testes
Germ cell tumors (embryonal carcinomas)
Most common primary tumor/cancer in prostate
Adenocarcinoma
Most common primary tumor/cancer in breast
Adenocarcinoma (most common type is infiltrating ductal carcinoma)
Most common primary tumor/cancer in ovaries
Serous cystadenocarcinomas (tend to be bilateral)
Most common carcinoma associated with VHL syndrome
Renal carcinomas
Most frequently mutated gene in cancer
TP53
Most frequent malignancy that results from ionizing radiation
Myeloid leukemia
[followed by thyroid cancer in young people, breast, lung, salivary gland, skin, bone, GI tract]
Most common cancer associated with Human T-cell leukemia virus type I (HTLV-1)
Adult T cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL)
Most common cancer associated with HPV 16 and 18
Squamous cell carcinomas of cervix, anogenital region, head and neck (tonsillar mucosa)
Most common cancers associated with EBV
African Burkitt lymphoma
B-cell lymphoma in immunosuppressed
Hodgkin lymphoma
Nasopharyngeal and gastric carcinomas
Most common endocrinopathy resulting from paraneoplastic syndrome; what types of cancer is it associated with?
Cushing syndrome - associated with small cell carcinoma of lung, pancreatic carcinoma, neural tumors
Most common paraneoplastic syndrome; what kinds of cancer is it associated with?
Hypercalcemia; associated with squamous cell carcinoma of lung, breast, and renal carcinomas, also ATLL
Virtually all burns are colonized by bacteria. What is the most common offender?
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
Most common form of PEM seen in african children weaned too early onto an exclusively carbohydrate-based diet
Kwarshiorkor
Most common factor underlying deformation congenital anomalies
Uterine constraint
[maternal factors = first pregnancy, small uterus, bicornuate uterus, leiomyomas. Fetal/placental factors = oligohydramnios, multiple fetuses, abnormal presentation]
Most common developmental efect of the forebrain and midface in humans
Holoprosencephaly
Most common cause of congenital malformations
Multifactorial (accounts for 20-25%)
Second most common cause of neonatal mortality behind congenital anomalies
Prematurity
Most common sequalae to transcervically acquired perinatal infection
Pneumonia
Sepsis
Meningitis
Most common enzyme deficiency associated with galactosemia
Total lack of galactose-1-phosphate uridyl transferase (GALT)
Most common lethal genetic disease that affects caucasian populations
Cystic fibrosis (mucoviscidosis)
Most common morphologic finding associated with SIDS
Multiple petechiae; usually present in thymus, visceral and parietal pleura, and epicardium
Most common tumor of infancy
Hemangioma
Most common teratoma of childhood
Sacrococcygeal teratoma
Most common extracranial solid tumor of childhood
Neuroblastoma (affects 1 in 7000 live births; 700 cases diagnosed each year in US)
Most common primary renal tumor of childhood
Wilms tumor
Most common pollutant associated with indoor air pollution
Tobacco
